Mary P. Koss

Regent's Professor of Public Health at University of Arizona (UA)
📚 Regents’ Professor, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health | Tucson, Arizona, United States
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211 Publications
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👤 About

Skills & Expertise

Public Health Policy Leadership Clinical Psychology Sexual Violence Prevention Restorative Justice Conferencing Sexual Health Research Public Policy Research Violence Prevention Programs Restorative Justice Sexual Assault Research Bystander Intervention Sexual Exploitation Trauma-Informed Care Gender-Based Violence Feminist Psychology

Research Interests

Data analysis Program Evaluation Public Health Policy Clinical Psychology Sexual Violence Research Restorative Justice Bystander Intervention Victim Advocacy Trauma-Informed Care Sexual Assault Prevention Survey Development Feminist Psychology Policy Consultation Academic Publishing Workforce Development Gender-based violence restorative justice Sexual violence campus sexual assault

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💼 Experience

Regent's Professor of Public Health

University of Arizona (UA) · January 1987 - Present
  • Mary Koss, PhD, is a professor and researcher at the Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health with joint appointments as professor of psychiatry, family and community medicine, and psychology. Her scholarship focuses on sexual exploitation epidemiology and prevention. Her teaching includes relationship violence and human sexuality.

Professor

Kent State University (KSU) · February 1976 - February 1988

Assistant Professor

St. Olaf College · February 1973 - February 1976

🎓 Education

University of Minnesota (UMN)

Ph.D. in clinical psychology · 1972

University of Michigan

AB in Psychology · 1970

🚀 Projects

Criminal Victimization: The Somatic Impact of Psychological Stress (85-IJ-CX-0038)
Agency Name: Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice || Jan 1985 - Jan 1987
Funded: Yes || Amount: $223,026
Hidden Rape: A National Study
Agency Name: DHHS, NIMH, National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape || Jan 1983 - Jan 1985
Funded: Yes || Amount: $267,423
Hidden Rape on a University Campus
Agency Name: Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape || Jan 1978 - Jan 1981
Funded: Yes || Amount: $161,236
Hidden Rape on a University Campus (MH 31618). Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), National Center for the Prevention and Control of Rape (1978-1981, $161,236, Role: PI, 25% FTE).
Sexual Violence Prevention and Education (ASBA)
Agency Name: Arizona Department of Health Services || Jan 2014 - Dec 2018
1/1/2014-12-31/18 (awarded yearly). Sexual Violence Prevention and Education (ASBA) [Arizona Safer Bars Alliance]. This project is funded through the Arizona Department of Health Services, Agreement No. ADHS16-122850. The goal is to evaluate the ASBA bystander sexual assault prevention program designed for liquor serving staff of bars surrounding three Arizona Universities (UA, ASU, NAU). (Role: PI and transitioned to Co-PI in 2017 with Elise Lopez, DrPH as PI, FTE varies).

🎤 Conferences & Seminars (6)

Lessons Learned from Using GIS M apping for Community Violence Prevention Planning
American Public Health Association (APHA) · City , District of Columbia, Country · November 2018
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping is a novel method for spatially visualizing data, and has been used in community health planning to assess health inequity issues such as life span, poverty, and access to healthy foods. In recent years, CDC has suggested that assessment the relationship between alcohol policies and police reports for interpersonal violence should be considered in community violence prevention planning. Particularly, it has been suggested that there may be a spatial relationship between density of liquor licenses (i.e., many liquor-serving establishments close together) and ‘hot spots’ of police reports for physical and sexual violence. Violence prevention specialists have been encouraged to use GIS mapping to assess spatial patterns of interpersonal violence in order to identify areas in which to target prevention efforts. Although GIS mapping is an exceptional tool for presenting data, the resources needed to use this method using public data is rarely discussed. In this presentation, we will discuss a recent study undertaken by researchers and students at The University of Arizona to map the relationship between liquor licenses and police reports of violent crime in four major cities in Arizona. Data on liquor licenses was obtained from the state liquor licensing department, and crime datasets were obtained from local police departments. The results showed hot spots of police reports for violence around major university campuses, which typically had high densities of alcohol-serving establishments within a one-mile radius. In this presentation, we will focus on general lessons learned from the GIS process, which was a new method for the research team, that can be applied to using this approach to measure health equity/inequity. Specifically, we will discuss successes and challenges in planning for GIS mapping on a limited budget, obtaining and cleaning data, software and personnel skills needed to conduct GIS mapping, and tips for making maps useful for policy and practice. Examples of how the GIS maps from this study were utilized in policy and practice recommendations in Arizona will also be discussed.
The Psychological Consequences of Sexual Trauma
VAWnet.org · Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Country · March 2006
The psychological consequences of sexual trauma among survivors have been widely studied, but research investigations continue, in part, because rates of violence against girls and women remain high. The National Violence Against Women Survey found that 18% of women reported experiencing a completed or attempted rape during their lifetime (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). More than half (54%) of the rape survivors that responded to the survey were younger than age 18 when they experienced their first attempted or completed rape. Ongoing research attention to mental health outcomes is also driven by evidence that survivors’ responses are largely complex and unique to each individual (Briere & Jordan, 2004). Some individuals experience severe symptoms or longterm distress, whereas others do not (e.g., Kendall-Tackett, Williams, & Finkelhor, 1993). The diversity in outcomes may be attributed to characteristics of the violent acts, environmental conditions, survivor attributes, and availability of social support and resources. Another contributing factor is the use of different methodologies across research investigations. Although some individuals may be resilient to the negative effects of sexual trauma, it does not minimize the observation that for other women sexual victimization is the most devastating event they will experience. This paper describes current research findings on the effects of childhood and adulthood sexual victimization on women’s mental health. Existing data on understudied communities and risk factors for mental health problems are also presented. Childhood and adulthood sexual violence are discussed separately because, contrary to public opinion, sexual violence against children is fairly common and is frequently associated with psychological distress that continues into adulthood. There is also evidence that the mental health effects of childhood sexual victimization might be different from those due to adulthood victimization (e.g., Coid et al., 2003). This document does not cover other health outcomes, such as chronic medical conditions and reproductive and maternal health problems, because those outcomes make up a distinct body of literature that requires a focused review in their own right. Having knowledge in this area is critical for all individuals working with survivors, including victim advocates, community health workers, and policy makers. First, it promotes continued empathy and support for survivors. Second, the knowledge may help diverse groups of service providers respond to current trends toward professionalization of the field of sexual violence. As state and federal funding for violence against women face budget cuts from year to year, organizations have had to move away from grassroots models to professional models (Patricia Yancey Martin, 2005). Professional models include the use of evaluation and analytic tools and other activities related to writing proposals and managing grants and contracts. This requires knowledge of the research literature and the language and conceptual models frequently used by scientists and professionals. This paper provides a review that will hopefully facilitate discussions of the psychological consequences of sexual victimization across different individuals and organizations that work with or for survivors.
Changed lives: The psychological impact of sexual harassment
State University of New York Press · New York, New York, Country · March 1990
experiencing sexual harassment transforms women into victims and changes their lives / much has been written about the experience of victimization including its impact on deeply held beliefs and values, immediate and long-term effects on mental health, and fallout in social and work arenas / the goal of this paper is to review the literature that documents these psychological impacts of sexual harassment and to present a cognitive model of victimization that attempts to explain the origin of these effects (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
I never called it rape: The "Ms." report on recognizing, fighting, and surviving date and acquaintance rape
Harper & Row Publishers · New York, New York, Country · February 1988
I never called it rape: The "Ms." report on recognizing, fighting, and surviving date and acquaintance rape. A Resources section has been included to help readers with a variety of interests, from learning more about the dynamics of acquaintance rape to setting up a campus or community program for prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) Warshaw, R. (1988). I never called it rape: The "Ms." report on recognizing, fighting, and surviving date and acquaintance rape. Harper & Row Publishers.
No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community.
American Psychological Association (APA) · City , District of Columbia, Country · February 1994
No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community. © Request Permissions Koss, M. P., Goodman, L. A., Browne, A., Fitzgerald, L. F., Keita, G. P., & Russo, N. F. (1994). No safe haven: Male violence against women at home, at work, and in the community. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10156-000 "No Safe Haven" provides a comprehensive . . . look at the pervasive nature of violence against women. It reviews current psychological research on the prevalence, causes, and effects of forms of violence against adult women and describes existing and recommended interventions, legal changes, and policy initiatives to address the problem. [The book] focuses on 3 common types of abuse against adult women: physical assault by male partners, sexual harassment in work and educational settings, and rape and other forms of sexual violence. The final section of the book highlights the common themes that emerge from these 3 types of violence and presents recommendations for effective intervention, treatment, and public policy initiatives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)
Surveillance Issues Related to Violence Against Women
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) · Atlanta, Georgia, Country · February 1998
No descriptions

🏆 Awards & Achievements (3)

🏆 Summer Research Award
Awarded by: Kent State University || Year: 1981
Description
🏆 Carolyn Wood Sherif Award
Awarded by: American Psychological Association || Year: 2020
Description
🏆 Trailblazer Award
Awarded by: WHO || Year: 2022
Description

👨‍🎓 Thesis Guided (1)

MMPI Item Content and Identification of Crisis Situations
Name: Self || Type: Dissertation || Status:
Institution: University of Minnesota (UMN)
PSYCHOLOGY

Professional Memberships (1)

American Psychological Association (APA)
Member: Life Time Member || Join dt: 1976 - Present
Country: United States

✉️ Invited Position (1)

State of the Art in Sexual Assault Research
Organization Name: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) || Country: United States
From 1987 - 1987

📖 Role in Research Journals (15)

Editorial Board Member
Journal: Journal of Gender, Culture, and Health || Publisher Name: New York by Kluwer Academic Publishers
JGCH
Editorial Board Member
Journal: The Nigerian Journal of Guidance and Counselling || Publisher Name: University of Ilorin
TNJGC
Editorial Board Member
Journal: Trauma, Violence, & Abuse || Publisher Name: SAGE Publications
TVA
Editorial Board Member
Journal: Journal of Sexual Aggression || Publisher Name: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
JSA
Editorial Board Member
Journal: Violence Against Women || Publisher Name: SAGE Publications
VAW

📚 Publications (211)

Journal: Aggressive Behavior • September 2021
Reference correction
Journal: The International Journal of Restorative Justice • September 2018
Restorative Justice Training Sexual Assault Specialists Sex Crimes Victim-Centered Approaches Survivor Support Offender Accountability Trauma-Informed Practices Consent Education Criminal Justice Reform Rehabilitation Strategies Community Healing Mediation Techniques Restorative Practices Justice System Alternatives Conflict Resolution Survivor Empowerment Ethical Considerations
Journal: The Wiley Handbook of Violence and Aggression • September 2017
Sexual violence began to receive proper attention in the United States in the 1990s with the first national Violence Against Women survey, the passage of the Violence Against Women Act, and the additi...
Sexual Violence U.S. Policy Violence Against Women Act Public Health Surveillance Definition Evolution Criminal Justice Civil Rights Risk Factors Socioeconomic Status Race Cultural Background Cumulative Trauma Mental Health Consequences Maternal and Child Health Victimization Trends Prevention Strategies
Journal: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry • September 2012
The present study set out to investigate predictors of first time adolescent peer-on-peer sexual victimization (APSV) among 238 female Grade 9 students from 30 schools in Denmark. A prospective resear...
Sexual Victimization Adolescent Peer-on-Peer Sexual Victimization (APSV) Initial Incident First-Time Assault Adolescence Risk Factors Sexual Risk Behaviors Number of Sexual Partners Prevention Initiatives Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) Early Sexual Onset Sexual Boundaries Prospective Study Logistic Regression School-Based Study Denmark
Journal: Social Science & Medicine • September 2007
We explored the prevalence and predictors of transactional sex with casual partners and main girlfriends among 1288 men aged 15–26 from 70 villages in the rural Eastern Cape province of South Africa....
Transactional Sex Casual Partners Main Partners Young South African Men Rural Eastern Cape Gender-Based Violence Socio-Economic Status Childhood Adversity Sexual Partners Alcohol Use Peer Pressure Gender Attitudes Intimate Partner Violence Rape Perpetration Masculinity HIV Prevention Sex for Money Sex for Goods Sex Work Exploitation Sexual Exploitation Coercion in Sex Economic Dependency and Sex Sexual Coercion Commercial Sex Sexual Abuse Human Trafficking Economic Coercion Consent Violation Coercive Relationships BDSM Practices Kink Community Power Dynamics Sadism Masochism Consent in BDSM Sexual Aggression Sexual Assault Sexual Trauma Vulnerability in Sex Sex Trafficking Sexual Health Risks Rape Culture Exploitation Recovery Legal Frameworks Psychological Impact Manipulation in Relationships Consent Education Victim Support Empowerment Strategies Rape Recovery Sexual Violence Prevention Restorative Justice Gender Inequality Sexual Consent Abuse Prevention Non-Consensual Acts BDSM Role-Play Fantasy and Consent Wrap Gagged Stuff Gagged Masturbation Fantasy OTN OTM Tieable Mask Chloroformed Gagged Gagged Sexual Dynamics
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