Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Director
at IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur)
📚 Director at IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur)
|
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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👤 About
Prof. Avinash Kumar Agarwal obtained his B.E. (Mech Engg., 1994) from MREC, Jaipur and M.Tech. (Energy, 1996) and Ph.D. (Energy, 1999) from IIT Delhi. After his Post-Doctoral Fellowship (1999 – 2001) at the ERC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, he returned to India in 2001 and joined Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur as Assistant Professor, where he is serving as a SBI Endowed Chair Professor currently. He was a Visiting Professor to University of Loughborough, UK, Photonics Institute, University of Vienna, Austria, Hanyang University, South Korea and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
At IIT Kanpur, Prof. Agarwal worked in the areas of IC engines, combustion, conventional fuels, alternative fuels, methanol fuelled engine development, hydrogen, fuel sprays, lubricating oil tribology, optical diagnostics, laser ignition, HCCI, particulate and emission control, and large bore engines. He has developed laser fired hydrogen and CNG engines in automotive sizes and developed the first electronic fuel injection system equipped locomotive engine for Indian Railways, which improved duty-cycle fuel economy and reduced particulate emissions substantially. Currently, Prof. Agarwal is involved in development of Methanol and DME fuelled vehicles for automotive sector. Prof. Agarwal has published more than 270 peer reviewed international journal and conference papers, 35 edited books, 63 books chapters and has 7600+ Scopus and 11900+ Google scholar citations. He is Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability and Associate Editor of Journal of Energy Resources Technology (Transactions of ASME), International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing and the Journal of the Institute of Engineers (Series C). He has edited “Handbook of Combustion” (5 Volumes; 3168 pages), published by Wiley VCH, Germany, which is the most updated compilation on combustion in the world.
Skills & Expertise
Teaching
Combustion
Automotive Instrumentation
CNG
Energy systems
DME
Hydrogen Production and Storage
Emissions Control
IC Engines
fuel systems
DME-fueled automotive engines
laser ignition systems
Internal Combustion Engine Design
Combustion Diagnostics
Methanol
Tribology of Lubricating Oils
Emission Control
Reduction Technologies
Optical Diagnostic Techniques
Fuel Spray Analysis
Injection Systems
Large Bore Engine Development
Electronic Fuel Injection System Design
Locomotive Engine Development
Academic Research and Publishing
Journal Editorial and Peer Review
International Collaboration in Research
Project Management in R&D
Advanced Energy Systems Research
Book Editing
Curriculum Development
Compilation
Technical Leadership
Industry-Academic Interface Expertise
Research Interests
Mechanical Engineering
Energy
Tribology
Internal Combustion Engines
Life Cycle Assessment
Biofuels
Alternative Fuels
Combustion
Emission Control
Hydrogen
Methanol Engines
Fuel Sprays
Optical Diagnostics in Combustion
Laser Ignition Technology
HCCI Engines
Particulate Emission Reduction
Locomotive Engine Development
Methanol
DME Fueled Vehicles
Energy Sustainability
Automotive Fuel Innovations
Energy Research
Laser-Fired Engines
IC Engine Research and Development
Automotive Sector Innovations
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Regulated/ Unregulated Emissions
Particulate Characterization and Control
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment using DOC/ DPF
Emission Toxicology
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engines
Low-Temperature Combustion (HCCI/PCCI/RCCI) Engines
CNG
HCNG
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Butanol
Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Diethyl Ether (DEE)
Laser Ignition of Combustible Mixtures
Combustion Visualization Using Schlieren/ Shadowgraphy
Optical Diagnostics of Engine Combustion
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for In-Cylinder Flow Visualization
Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) for Dense Spray Characterization
Lubricating Oil Characterization and Tribology
Engine Simulation (1-D and 3-D)
Total Cost of Ownership Analysis
IC engine combustion
Homogeneous charge compression ignition
biofuels
hydrogen
hythane
gaseous
Laser diagnostic techniques
Laser ignition of fuel-air mixtures
Particle Imaging Velocimetry for flow visualization in IC engines
Phase Doppler Interferrometry for spray characterization
Lubricating oil tribology
Micro-sensors
Automotive emissions
Regulated and unregulated emissions
Particulates
secondary aerosols and toxicology
Connect With Me
💼 Experience
Director
IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur)
·
May 2024 -
Present
Visiting Professor
Photonics Institute, Technical University of Vienna (TU Wien)
·
July 2013 -
January 2025
Visiting Professor
Hanyang University (HYU), Seoul Campus
·
July 2012 -
January 2025
Visiting Professor
Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)
·
October 2015 -
January 2025
Professor
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
·
May 2001 -
December 2024
Visiting Professor
Tshwane University of Technology (TUT)
·
May 2010 -
June 2010
Visiting Professor
Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering
·
May 2002 -
July 2002
Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship
Engine Research Center(ERC), University of Wisconsin–Madison
·
August 1999 -
February 2001
August 1999- February 2001: Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at Engine Research Center, University
of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. The project involved developing an experimental test rig and
microsensors, such as capacitance probes, fibre optic probes, miniaturized pressure transducers, etc.
These sensors are employed inside the diesel engine combustion chamber to study lubricating oil
consumption. US Army, Cummins Engines, and Lubrizol Corporation funded the project.
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Research Assistant
IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
·
July 1995 -
August 1999
🎓 Education
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Post-Doctoral Fellow in
Engine Research Center
· 2001
IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
Ph.D. in
IC Engines
· 1999
IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
M.Tech in
Energy Studies
· 1996
MNIT Jaipur (Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur)
B.E. in
Mechanical Engineering
· 1994
🚀 Projects
J C Bose Fellowship
Agency Name: Science & Engineering Research Boar ||
December 2019 - December 2024
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 95.00 Lakhs
Prototype Development and Experimental Investigations of CNG Fueled Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine
Agency Name: Indo-Korea International Cooperation Scientific Research, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi ||
June 2020 - June 2023
Development of Primary Alcohols Fueled Engine Prototype
Agency Name: Indo-Czech Cooperative Scientific Research, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi ||
June 2020 - June 2023
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 43.26 Lakhs
Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) and Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC) Engine Development Using Modified Piston And Variable Swirl Control Strategies
Agency Name: Science & Engineering Research Board (SUPRA) ||
March 2022 - March 2025
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 79.88 Lakhs
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Assessment for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Compressed Biogas (CBG) and Gasoline Fuelled Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) vis-a-vis Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
Agency Name: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) (Under the Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry), Government of Japan ||
December 2022 - February 2023
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 129 Lakhs
Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion and Utilisation of Gas in Agricultural Engines
Agency Name: Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (CEFIPRA) ||
August 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 184.40 Lakhs
Methanol (M85) Fuelled Car Prototype Development and Field-Trials
Agency Name: Centre For High Technology (CHT), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas ||
July 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 1487 Lakhs
Biofuel production from carbon dioxide (CO2) and utilization in transport sector for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Agency Name: Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration ||
July 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 90.85 Lakhs
Prototype Development of Ultra-Efficient Green Gasoline Fueled Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine for Decarbonization of Transport Sector
Agency Name: Centre For High Technology (CHT), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas ||
July 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 1083 Lakhs
🎤 Conferences & Seminars (10)
Technology Roadmap for DME/ Methanol Fuelled Vehicles in Indian Mega-Cities
Birla Institute of Technology And Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani) · Hyderabad,
Telangana, Country ·
December 2017
No descriptions
Technology Roadmap for DME/ Methanol Fuelled Vehicles in Indian Mega-Cities, Keynote Speech in 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (INCOM 2018)
Jadavpur University · Kolkata,
West Bengal, Country ·
January 2018
No descriptions
Engine Exhaust Particulates: Characterization, Control Technologies, and Toxic Effects
Shiv Nader University, Delhi · Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
April 2018
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Green and Environment-Friendly Methanol Economy, Keynote Speech in 3rd International Conference on Powertrain Technology
International Centre for Automotive Technology, Manesar (ICAT, Manesar) · Gurgaon,
Haryana, Country ·
October 2018
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Internal Combustion Engines in a Green and Environment-Friendly Economy
IIT Roorkee (Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) · Roorkee,
Uttarakhand, Country ·
October 2018
No descriptions
Future of the Internal Combustion Engines and Existential Threat from Battery Electric Vehicles?
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, Delhi · Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
January 2022
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Green and environmental Friendly Methanol Economy
Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus · Vellore,
Tamil Nadu, Country ·
November 2022
No descriptions
Energy Transition to Methanol Economy for Transport Sector, Keynote Speech in Workshop Entitled "Change Management for the Energy Transition"
Indian Oil Corporation Limited · Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
November 2022
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Internal Combustion Engines in a Green and Environment-Friendly Methanol Economy, Keynote Talk in the Indo-French workshop on Clean And Sustainable Energy Technologies
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory · New Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
February 2023
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Green and Environmental-Friendly Fuels for UAV Applications, Keynote Speech in the 10th Conference on Propulsion Technologies for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa · City ,
Haifa District, Country ·
February 2023
No descriptions
🏅 Certificates & Licenses (2)
SAE International awarded appreciation certificates
Event: SAE International awarded appreciation certificates ·
SAE World Congress · Issued on January 2005
Professional Competence (PE) Certification of Engineers
Event: Professional Competence (PE) Certification ·
National Committee Institution of Engineers (India) · Issued on January 2016
Member of National Committee Institution of Engineers (India) of Mechanical Engineering for Certification of Professional Competence (PE) Certification of Engineers (2016 – onwards)
🏆 Awards & Achievements (12)
🏆 NASI-Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award for Application Oriented Innovations in Physical Sciences
Awarded by: National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad || Year:
2012
Description
🏆 Er. M P Baya National Award in Mechanical Engineering
Awarded by: Institution of Engineers, Udaipur Local Chapter. || Year:
2017
Description
🏆 Rajib Goyal Prize
Awarded by: Kurukshetra University || Year:
2015
Description
🏆 Clarivate Analytics India Research Excellence - Citation Award
Awarded by: Web of Science || Year:
2017
Description
🏆 India Citation Award
Awarded by: Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science, India || Year:
2018
Description
🏆 IITDAA- Outstanding Contributions to the National Development Award
Awarded by: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi || Year:
2023
Description
🏆 Distinguished Alumnus Award
Awarded by: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 Distinguished Alumnus Award
Awarded by: Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur || Year:
2021
Description
🏆 State Bank of India Endowed Chair Professor
Awarded by: IIT Kanpur || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 SAE India Foundation Guru Award
Awarded by: SAE India || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 WSSET Innovation Award
Awarded by: Istanbul, Turkey || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award
Awarded by: CSIR, Government of India by the Prime Minister of India Sh. Narendra Modi || Year:
2017
Description
👨🎓 Thesis Guided (10)
Combustion, Material Compatibility, and Engine Tribology Investigations in a Karanja Biodiesel Fuelled Turbocharged Diesel Engine
Name: Jaigopal Gupta || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Diesel Engine
Spray, Engine Combustion, Performance, Emissions, Vibrations and Acoustics Studies of Biodiesel and SVO Blends
Name: Chetan Patel || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Mode Switching Prototype Engine Development for Low-Temperature Combustion
Name: Akhilendra Pratap Singh || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Spray, Combustion, Emissions and Particulate Investigations of a Gasohol Fuelled Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
Name: Nikhil Sharma || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Acoustics, Vibrations, Performance, Combustion & Emissions Characterization of Diesohol Fuelled Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Name: Dev Prakash Satsangi || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Enhancement of Tribological Properties of Epoxy Composite Coatings for Engine Applications
Name: Vikram Kumar || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biofuels
Laser-Plasma Ignited Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas Engine Development and Experimental Evaluation
Name: Rajesh Kumar Prasad || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Prototype Development of Spark Ignited Genset Engine Fuelled with Methanol-Gasoline Blends
Name: Krishn Chandra || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: Università Vanvitelli
Biofuels
Performance Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of A Compression Ignition Engine Using Esterified Biodiesel
Name: Self || Type:
M.sc Theisis
Institution: IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
Biodiesel
Performance Evaluation and Tribological Studies on A Biodiesel Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine
Name: Self || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis
Institution: IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
Biodiesel
Professional Memberships (6)
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Member: Devendra Shukla Research Fellowship || Join dt:
-
Country: India
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Member: Poonam and Prabhu Goyal Endowed Chair Professor || Join dt:
2013 - 2016
Country: India
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Member: SBI Endowed Chair Professor || Join dt:
2018 - 2021
Country: India
Institution of Engineers India
Member: Member || Join dt:
-
Country: India
Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE)
Member: Fellow || Join dt:
2015 - 2015
Country: India
The Institution of Engineers (India), Udaipur (IEI)
Member: Member || Join dt:
2016 - Present
Country: India
💡 Patents (3)
FUEL VAPORIZER
Patent No. · Filed
May 2014 · Issued on May 2015
Inventors: Dr Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Akhilendra Pratap Singh
|| Category: Chemical Science
description
BIODIESEL PLANT FOR CONVERSION OF VEGETABLE OIL TO BIODIESEL AND A PROCESS THEREOF
Patent No. 267538 · Filed
February 2008 · Issued on July 2015
Inventors: Dr Avinash Kumar Agarwal
|| Category: Chemistry
description
Design of an integrated system for Using Straight Vegetable Oils as Fuels for Diesel Engines
Patent No. 269719 · Filed
March 2006 · Issued on November 2015
Inventors: Dr Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Deepak Agarwal
|| Category: Engineering
description
✉️ Invited Position (3)
Transformational Research by Prof Agarwal IIT Kanpur
Organization Name:
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) || Country:
India
From 2022 -
2022
NPTEL videos on Fundamental of IC Engines (UG Level)
Organization Name:
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) || Country:
India
From 2019 -
2019
propels towards new heights of excellence and innovation under his visionary leadership
Organization Name:
IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur) || Country:
India
From 2024 -
2024
📖 Role in Research Journals (6)
Reviewer
Journal: Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering || Publisher
Name: Frontiers Media SA
FME
Editorial Board Member
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering || Publisher
Name: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) & SAGE Publications
JAE
Associate Editor
Journal: ASME Open Journal of Engineering || Publisher
Name: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AOJE
Editor-in-Chief
Journal: Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability || Publisher
Name:
JEES
Editorial Board Member
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research || Publisher
Name: SAGE Publications
IJER
Editor
Journal: Fuel || Publisher
Name: Elsevier Ltd.
Fuel
Add New Journal
📚 Publications (274)
Journal: Fuel
• September 2022
Primary alcohols are emerging as promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Dual-fuel engine operation with port injection (fumigation) of methanol has emerged as a novel concept for simultaneous...
Primary Alcohols
Alternative Fuels
Diesel Engines
Dual-Fuel Engine Operation
Port Injection
Fumigation
Methanol
Particulate Matter
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
+21 more
Journal: Fuel
• September 2022
Dimethyl Ether (DME) has emerged as a suitable alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. It is expected to be substitute fossil diesel on a large scale due to its favourable combustion c...
Dimethyl Ether
DME
Compression Ignition Engine
CI Engine
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Water-Cooled Engine
Agricultural Sector
Off-Road Vehicles
Fuel Injection Equipment
+25 more
Journal: Fuel
• September 2022
The Methanol Economy is projected as a sustainable solution to the impending global energy crisis. Methanol and Dimethyl Ether (DME) are projected as exceptional alternative fuel solutions to power fu...
Methanol Economy
Dimethyl Ether
DME Fuel
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engines
Sustainable Mobility
Computational Fluid Dynamics
3D CFD Simulation
Fuel Injection Equipment
Compression Ignition Engine
+20 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• September 2022
Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignitio...
Particulate Matter Emissions
Compression Ignition Engine
Diesel Particulates
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Soot Morphology
Chemical Characterization
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Soluble Organic Fraction
+22 more
Journal: Environmental Pollution
• September 2021
In this experimental study, particulate matter (PM) characterizations of different low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been compared with conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion...
Particulate Matter
PM Characterization
Low-Temperature Combustion
LTC Strategies
Compression Ignition
CI Combustion
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI
+23 more
Operational Parameters of a Diesel Engine Running on Diesel–Rapeseed Oil–Methanol–Iso-Butanol Blends
Journal: Energies
• September 2021
This contribution focuses on utilizing blended biofuels of rapeseed oil and methanol with diesel. Rapeseed is one of the most cultivated energy crops in Europe, and its purpose in the blends is to inc...
Biofuels
Rapeseed Oil
Methanol
Diesel Blends
Iso-Butanol
Fuel Blending
Bio-Content
Viscosity Compensation
Fuel Performance
Engine Efficiency
+15 more
Journal: Fuel
• September 2020
Due to the higher octane rating of alcohols, they can be used in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines at relatively higher compression ratios. However, relatively higher particulate matter (PM) emi...
Dual-Fuel Injection
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
Combustion
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Particulate Matter (PM)
+14 more
Journal: Fuel
• September 2020
In this experimental study, a prototype laser ignited engine was developed and fuelled with hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG; mixture of H2 and CNG). Engine performance, emissions and co...
Laser Ignition (LI)
Spark Ignition (SI)
Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG)
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) Timing
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations (CCV)
Mixture Composition
H2 Enrichment
+12 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2020
This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and baseline mineral diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically assess different aspects of biodiesel’s compatibility and durabili...
Biodiesel
B100
Mineral Diesel
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Vehicle Field Trial
Wear Analysis
Cylinder Liner
Piston Rings
Surface Microstructure
+14 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2020
This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and baseline diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically assess different aspects of biodiesel’s compatibility with modern common r...
Biodiesel
B100
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Diesel Engine
Lubricating Oil Degradation
Wear Analysis
Long-Term Usage
Highway Field Trial
Lubricating Oil Properties
Viscosity Reduction
+20 more
Journal: Energy
• September 2019
This study investigates the influence of biodiesels on combustion and emission characteristics in a common-rail equipped small-bore single-cylinder diesel engine. The engine experiments were performed...
Biodiesel
Waste-Cooking-Oil
Jatropha-Oil
Karanja-Oil
Combustion Characteristics
Emissions
Common-Rail Diesel Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure
Fuel Injection Timing
Ignition Delay
+14 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2018
Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is a novel combustion concept, which reduces oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously. However, PCCI combust...
PCCI Combustion
NOx Emissions
PM Emissions
Hybrid Combustion Engine
Compression Ignition
Engine Control Unit
Fuel Injection Parameters
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Engine Performance
Exhaust Gas Temperature
+15 more
Journal: Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces
• September 2018
In our earlier study, epoxy-based composites with graphene (10 wt-%) and in situ liquid fillers (base oil SN150 or perfluoropolyether at 10 wt-%) were found to provide low friction and highly wear dur...
Epoxy-Based Composites
Graphene Composites
In Situ Liquid Fillers
Base Oil SN150
Perfluoropolyether
Low Friction Coating
Wear Durable Coating
Steel Substrate Coatings
Dry Interfacial State
External Lubrication
+14 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• September 2017
Main challenge for mineral diesel in achieving low-temperature combustion is its poor volatility characteristics, which results in relatively inferior fuel–air mixtures. In this experimental study, fe...
Mineral Diesel
Premixed Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (PHCCI)
Fuel Vaporizer
External Charge Preparation
Fuel-Airs Mixing
Additives
Low-Volatility Fuels
High-Cetane Fuels
Kerosene
Ethanol
+22 more
Journal: Physics of Fluids
• September 2017
For improving the in-cylinder flow characteristics of intake air/charge and for strengthening the turbulence intensity, specific intake port geometries have shown significant potential in compression...
Intake Port Geometries
In-Cylinder Flow Characteristics
Turbulence Intensity
Compression Ignition Engines
Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (TPIV)
Swirl Port Open (SPO)
Tangential Port Open (TPO)
Both Port Open (BPO)
Air-Flow Characteristics
Volumetric Section
+19 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2016
Compression ignition (CI) engines are facing strong restrictive emission norms globally, which demand extremely low oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Homogeneous charge c...
Compression Ignition Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Emission Norms
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Particulate Matter (PM)
Test Fuels
Diesoline
Diesohol
Diesosene
Baseline Diesel
+14 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• September 2015
Gasoline is increasingly blended with primary alcohols globally, in order to ensure energy security and to reduce local and global pollution load. However, no systematic scientific study reporting unr...
Gasoline Blends
Gasohol
Alcohol Blends
Unregulated Emissions
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends
Gasoline-Methanol Blends
Emission Analysis
Spark Ignition Engine
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analyzer
Regulated Emissions
+18 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• September 2015
Energy demand and emission norms are forcing automotive researchers to explore superior fuels and develop new combustion technologies to comply with stringent emission norms being adopted worldwide an...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen Fuel
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Compression Ratio
Internal Combustion Engine
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Laser Ignition System
Spark Plug Elimination
+10 more
Journal: Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces
• September 2015
Industrial lubricants are invariably used with additives (with high sulfur and phosphorous contents) for tribological performance enhancement. However, these additives are environmentally very harmful...
Epoxy
Graphene
Polymer Composite Coatings
Tribological Performance
Industrial Lubricants
Additives
Environmental Impact
Steel Surfaces
Graphite Powder
Friction
+13 more
Journal: Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability
• September 2015
Due to increasing number of alternative fuels and strict emission norms globally, extensive experimental investigations are being conducted for understanding and improving fuel sprays and combustion o...
Alternative Fuels
Emission Norms
Fuel Sprays
Combustion Characteristics
Internal Combustion Engines
Advanced Fuel Injection Equipment
In-Cylinder Processes
Combustion Efficiency
Pollutant Emissions Reduction
Combustion Diagnostics
+14 more
Journal: Fuel
• September 2013
For a diesel engine, fuel injection pressure (FIP) and injection timings are very important parameters, which influence the engine performance, emissions, and combustion. Other injection parameters af...
Diesel Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Injection Timings
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion
Rate of Injection
Injection Pattern
Start of Injection (SOI)
Cylinder Pressure
+10 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• September 2012
A large-bore, four-stroke, medium-speed, compression-ignition railway traction locomotive engine was fueled with cottonseed methyl ester (Biodiesel). The cottonseed methyl ester was stored for 6 month...
Biodiesel
Cottonseed Methyl Ester
Railway Traction Engine
Compression-Ignition
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Thermal Efficiency
Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption
Nitrogen Oxides
+16 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• September 2012
Diesel engines are very efficient prime movers in their power range. Fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber. Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines are highly influe...
**Diesel Engines
Compression Ignition Engines
Fuel Spray Parameters
Fuel Atomization
Alternative Fuels
Emission Regulations
Combustion Optimization
Optical Spray Visualization
Macroscopic Spray Characteristics
Karanja Oil Biodiesel
+10 more
Journal: Fuel
• September 2010
This study was carried out to characterize the engine-exhaust particulate emissions from a typical multipoint port fuel injection gasoline engine used in transportation sector. Though gasoline engine...
Engine-Exhaust Particulate Emissions
Multipoint Port Fuel Injection
Gasoline Engine
Transportation Sector
Tailpipe Emissions
Particle Concentrations
Mineral Diesel
High Engine Loads
Particle Size Distribution
Peak Particle Concentrations
+9 more
Journal: International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology
• September 2009
Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention due to its renewable nature, lower pollution potential and green house gas benefit compared to mineral diesel. There are numerous factors, which affec...
Biodiesel
Renewable Energy
Pollution Reduction
Greenhouse Gas Benefits
Mineral Diesel
Transesterification Process
Reaction Temperature
Molar Ratio
Alcohol to Oil
Catalyst Concentration
+14 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• September 2007
The scarce and rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from trigl...
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engines
Triglycerides
Vegetable Oils
Animal Fats
Fossil Fuels
CO2 Emissions
Import Substitution
Operational Issues
Durability
+23 more
Journal: Atmospheric Environment
• September 2006
This study was set out to characterize particulate emissions from diesel engines fuelled by (i) mineral diesel and (ii) B20 (a blend of 20% biodiesel with diesel); in terms of metals and benzene solub...
Particulate Emissions
Diesel Engines
Mineral Diesel
B20
Biodiesel Blend
Metal Content
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Toxicity
Carcinogenicity
+23 more
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• September 2005
This experimental investigation was aimed to investigate the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on wear of in-cylinder engine parts. EGR setup was prepared for a two-cylinder, air-cooled, const...
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
In-Cylinder Engine Parts
Wear Investigation
Engine Wear
Metallic Wear Debris
Lubricating Oil
EGR Rate
Piston Rings
Cylinder Liners
Wear Metals
+10 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• October 2022
Diesel engine injection strategy plays a crucial role in fuel–air mixing and consequent soot formation, requiring optimisation. Fuel properties affect the combustion characteristics of the engine sign...
Diesel Engine
Injection Strategy
Fuel-Air Mixing
Soot Formation
Combustion Optimization
Fuel Properties
Optical Diagnostics
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Optical Engine
Single-Cylinder Engine
+22 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• October 2022
Primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol have exhibited excellent potential as possible alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engines because they are renewable, cleaner, and safer...
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Primary Alcohols
Alternative Fuels
Spark Ignition Engine
Multi-Point Port Fuel Injection
MPFI System
Gasohol
Gasoline Blends
+22 more
Journal: Fuel
• October 2021
Stricter emission norms, scarce availability of conventional fuel resources, and moderate engine efficiency are primary concerns for both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. The...
Stricter Emission Norms
Conventional Fuel Scarcity
Engine Efficiency
Low-Temperature Combustion
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Mode Combustion
Exhaust Emissions
NOx Reduction
Particulate Matter Reduction
Brake Thermal Efficiency
+20 more
Journal: Fuel
• October 2021
Laser ignition of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) enables lean-burn combustion, a key technology for future emissions norms compliance for internal combustion (IC) engines. HCNG overco...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG
Lean-Burn Combustion
Internal Combustion Engine
Emission Norms Compliance
Spark Ignition Engine
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Beam Profile
Beam Quality
+19 more
Journal: Fuel
• October 2020
In this study, different diesel-alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and butanol) blends termed as ‘diesohols’ were used to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a modern common rail dire...
Diesohols
Diesel-Alcohol Blends
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
CRDI Engine
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
+19 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• October 2019
Miscibility of methanol in mineral diesel and stability of methanol–diesel blends are the main obstacles faced in the utilization of methanol in compression ignition engines. In this experimental stud...
Methanol
Mineral Diesel
Methanol-Diesel Blends
MD10
MD15
Compression Ignition Engine
Combustion
Engine Performance
Emissions
Particulate Characteristics
+13 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• October 2018
Fuel injection parameters such as fuel injection pressure (FIP) and start of main injection (SoMI) timings significantly affect the performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct inj...
Fuel Injection Parameters
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Start of Main Injection (SoMI) Timing
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Particulate Emissions
Particulate Morphology
Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Single Cylinder Engine
Biodiesel Blends
+17 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• October 2016
Vegetable oil based emulsified fuels have emerged as an attractive option for existing diesel engines. The issues such as higher viscosity and exhaust emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOX), parti...
Vegetable Oil Emulsions
Emulsified Fuels
Diesel Engine Fuels
Straight Vegetable Oils
Jatropha Oil
Karanja Oil
Methanol Emulsions
NOx Reduction
Particulate Matter Reduction
PM-NOx Trade-Off
+22 more
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• October 2016
A variety of research studies have been investigating the compatibility of primary alcohols as alternative fuels for diesel engines, in view of depleting crude oil reserves and resulting environmental...
Diesel Engine
Diesohol
Diesel-Alcohol Blends
E20
M20
Alternative Fuels
Primary Alcohols
Crude Oil Depletion
Environmental Degradation
Pollutant Formation
+23 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• October 2016
In this study, macroscopic spray characteristics of Waste cooking oil (WCO), Jatropha oil, Karanja oil based biodiesels and baseline diesel were compared under simulated engine operating condition in...
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Baseline Diesel
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
High Pressure Injection
High Temperature Combustion
Common-Rail Injection System
Mie-Scattering Technique
Liquid Tip Penetration
+10 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• October 2015
Superior spray behavior of fuels in internal combustion engines lead to improved combustion and emission characteristics therefore it is necessary to investigate fuel spray behavior of new alternative...
Fuel Spray Behavior
Internal Combustion Engines
Combustion Improvement
Emission Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Numerical Simulation
In-Nozzle Orifice Parameters
Spray Parameters
Constant-Volume Spray Chamber
Mineral Diesel
+10 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• October 2014
In this paper, effect of varying fuel injection pressures and injection timings on particulate size number distribution and spray characteristics was investigated in a single cylinder, common rail dir...
Fuel Injection Pressure
Injection Timing
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Spray Characteristics
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Compression Ignition
CI Engine
Karanja Biodiesel Blends
Mineral Diesel
+19 more
Journal: Fuel
• October 2014
For large-scale and reliable implementation of biodiesel in transportation engines, its effects on engine wear and engine durability upon prolonged usage needs to be experimentally investigated. There...
Engine Wear
Engine Durability
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel Blend
KOME20
Engine Components
Carbon Deposits
Compression Ignition
DICI Engine
Endurance Test
+21 more
Journal: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
• October 2012
The spray characteristics of the fuel greatly influence emissions from diesel engines. Spray development plays an important role in improving the combustion and emission characteristics of a fuel beca...
Ambient Pressure
Spray Characteristics
Diesel Engines
Fuel Injection
Spray Tip Penetration
Cone Angle
Spray Area
Fuel Density
Karanja Biodiesel
Diesel
+11 more
Journal: Optics and Lasers in Engineering
• October 2011
In this paper, laser-induced ignition was investigated for compressed natural gas–air mixtures. Experiments were performed in a constant volume combustion chamber, which simulate end of the compressio...
Laser-Induced Ignition
Compressed Natural Gas
Air Mixtures
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
SI Engine
Combustion Chamber Conditions
Turbulence
Optical Windows
Laser Ignition
Optical Diagnostics
+12 more
Journal: International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
• October 2011
In medium to heavy duty diesel engines, ever increasing power densities are threatening piston's structural integrity at high engine loads and speeds. This investigation presents the computational res...
Medium to Heavy Duty Diesel Engines
Piston Structural Integrity
High Engine Loads
Heat Transfer
Impinging Oil Jet
Numerical Modeling
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Oil Selection
Oil Jet Velocity
Nozzle Diameter
+15 more
Journal: Optical Engineering
• October 2007
Optical access to combustion chambers via windows is desirable for combustion diagnostics as well as for laser ignition. By nature, combustion deposits can form on the inner surface of the light-trans...
Optical Access
Combustion Chamber
Combustion Diagnostics
Laser Ignition
Nd:YAG Laser
Ablation
Deposit Removal
Internal Combustion Engine
Optical Window
Spark Plug Ignition
+21 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• October 2006
Thermal loading of diesel engine pistons has increased dramatically in recent years owing to applications of various technologies to meet low emission and high power density requirements. Control of p...
Diesel Engine Pistons
Thermal Loading
Piston Cooling
Oil Jets
Crankcase
Excessive Piston Temperature
Engine Seizure
Piston Warping
Boiling Range
Oil Mist
+16 more
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• October 2003
The combustion related properties of vegetable oils are somewhat similar to diesel oil. Neat vegetable oils or their blends with diesel, however, pose various long-term problems in compression ignitio...
Vegetable Oils
Diesel Blends
Compression Ignition Engines
Combustion Properties
Injector Coking
Ring-Sticking
Injector Deposits
Lube Oil Dilution
High Viscosity
Low Volatility
+14 more
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• November 2022
Several advanced low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been developed to reduce the harmful emissions from diesel engines. These LTC strategies, such as homogeneous charge compression ignit...
Low-Temperature Combustion
Diesel Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
Nitrogen Oxides
Soot Emissions
Combustion Control
Engine Performance
After-Treatment Devices
+20 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• November 2022
Unburnt hydrocarbon emissions and combustion instability are severe issues in diesel engines during cold starting. This simulation study aims to provide insights for improving the cold-start issues of...
Unburnt Hydrocarbons
Combustion Instability
Diesel Engines
Cold Start
Simulation Study
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
CONVERGE Software
Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach
Large Eddy Simulation (LES)
Fuel Temperature
+16 more
Journal: Waste Management
• November 2021
The valorization of waste frying oil (WFO) to biodiesel has been carried out via solid base catalyzed transesterification reaction. A novel potassium tin oxide (KSO) catalyst was synthesized via polym...
Waste Frying Oil
WFO
Biodiesel
Valorization
Solid Base Catalysis
Transesterification
Potassium Tin Oxide
KSO Catalyst
Polymer Precursor Auto Combustion
FAME Conversion
+16 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2020
In this study, a comparative investigation of engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of low temperature combustion modes namely premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and rea...
Comparative Study
Engine Combustion
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Low Temperature Combustion
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI
Conventional Compression Ignition
+20 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• November 2020
Engine experiments were performed for measurement of regulated, unregulated, and particulate emissions using a 2.2 L transportation compression ignition engine fueled with blends of diesel and biodies...
Engine Experiments
Compression Ignition Engine
Diesel-Biodiesel Blends
Jatropha Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
JB20
WCOB20
Mineral Diesel
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
+22 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• November 2019
Nanostructure of soot particles from a small-bore compression-ignition engine was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Four test fuels namely conventional diesel,...
Soot Particles
Nanostructure
High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
HRTEM
Compression-Ignition Engine
Diesel
Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
+13 more
Journal: Tribology International
• November 2018
The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the tribological performance of dual-coatings of epoxy composites (epoxy with 10 wt% of graphene and 10 wt% of base oil) on different hard inter...
Tribological Performance
Dual-Coatings
Epoxy Composites
Graphene Reinforced Epoxy
Base Oil Epoxy
Hard Intermediate Layers
Diamond-Like Carbon
Tungsten Carbide
Titanium Aluminium Nitride
D2 Steel
+11 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2017
In this study, the spray and combustion phenomena of biodiesels were investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Mineral diesel was used as a baseline fuel and biodiesels derived from...
Biodiesel Spray
Combustion Phenomena
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC)
Mineral Diesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Karanja Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Oil Biodiesel
Spray Atomization
Fuel Properties
High-Speed Shadowgraphy
+17 more
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• November 2016
Thermal efficiency of compression ignition (CI) engine is higher than spark ignition (SI) engine however heterogeneous fuel-air mixing in CI engine leads to higher NOx and soot formation. Fuel quality...
Compression Ignition Engine
Spark Ignition Engine
Thermal Efficiency
Fuel-Air Mixing
NOx Emissions
Soot Formation
Low Volatility Fuels
Diesel
Kerosene
Gasoline
+21 more
Journal: Fuel
• November 2015
Depletion of petroleum reserves and prevailing stringent emission legislations have motivated the researchers to develop and introduce alternative automotive fuels with an objective of reducing global...
Petroleum Depletion
Emission Legislation
Alternative Fuels
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG
Hydrogen Enriched CNG
HCNG
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Reduction
+28 more
Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production
• November 2015
Poor oxidation stability is the main technical hurdle associated with the commercialization of biodiesel. Adding antioxidants is a suitable method for enhancing the oxidation stability of biodiesel. T...
Biodiesel Oxidation Stability
Antioxidants
PG
Non-edible Vegetable Oils
Karanja
Neem
Jatropha
Rancimat Test
Induction Period
Dosage Level
+7 more
Journal: Sadhana (Sādhanā)
• November 2015
For improving engine performance, combustion and controlling emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines, common rail direct injection (CRDI) technology offers limitless possibilities by controll...
Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Compression Ignition Engines
Fuel Injection Pressure
Start of Injection (SOI)
Injection Duration
Engine Combustion
Emissions Control
Engine Performance
Solenoid Injector
Injector Driver Circuit
+16 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2013
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines have potential for excellent fuel economy and extremely low emissions of NOx and PM. HCCI engines however do not have any direct control on the s...
HCCI Engines
Fuel Economy
NOx Emissions
PM Emissions
Combustion Control
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations
Combustion Parameters
Gasoline-like Fuels
Methanol
Ethanol
+13 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2012
In compression ignition engines, soot–NOx paradox is an extremely challenging unresolved issue. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is one of the most promising solution that combines the a...
HCCI Combustion
Compression Ignition Engines
Soot-NOx Paradox
High Thermal Efficiency
Rate of Heat Release
Start of Combustion
Homogeneous Mixture
Diesel HCCI
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Diesel Vaporizer
+10 more
Journal: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
• November 2012
Depletion of fossil fuel resources and resulting associated environmental degradation has motivated search for alternative transportation fuels. Blending small quantity of Karanja oil (straight vegeta...
Alternative Fuels
Karanja Oil
Mineral Diesel
Blending
DICI Engines
Long-Term Durability
Engine Endurance Test
Carbon Deposits
Engine Wear
Lubricating Oil
+14 more
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• November 2009
Environmental concerns have increased significantly all over the world in the past decade. To fulfil the simultaneous emission requirements for near-zero pollutant and low carbon dioxide (CO2) levels,...
Environmental Concerns
Near-Zero Emissions
Low CO2 Levels
Powertrain Challenges
Engine Combustion Processes
Controlled Autoignition
Gasoline Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Diesel Engines
+14 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• November 2006
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel consisting of the alkyl esters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Vegetable oils are produced from numerous oil seed crops (edible and non-edible), e.g...
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuel
Alkyl Esters
Fatty Acids
Vegetable Oils
Animal Fats
Rapeseed Oil
Linseed Oil
Rice Bran Oil
Soybean Oil
+19 more
Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production
• May 2022
Methanol has been identified as a potential substitute for conventional fuels (diesel, petrol) from scalability, sustainability, and an economic viewpoint. Economically, methanol could be cheaper than...
Methanol
Diesel Substitution
Co-Axial Injection
Locomotive Engine
Methanol Injection Timing
1-D Engine Model
Pilot Diesel Injection
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
+19 more
Journal: SAE International Journal of Engines
• May 2021
In this experimental study, a novel combustion technique, “reactivity-controlled compression ignition” (RCCI), has been investigated using alcohols acting as low-reactivity fuel (LRF) and mineral dies...
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC)
Alcohols as Low-Reactivity Fuels (LRF)
Mineral Diesel as High-Reactivity Fuel (HRF)
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Premixed Ratios
+23 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• May 2021
Researchers have investigated reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in the past several years because of its excellent combustion, performance, and emission features. In this ex...
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Butanol
Diesel-Butanol Blend
Low Reactivity Fuel
High Reactivity Fuel
Compression Ignition
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Premixed Ratio
+19 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• May 2020
Butanol is an oxygenated renewable fuel and therefore is a potential candidate to be blended with gasoline to reduce particulate emissions. In this experimental investigation, particle number-size (PN...
Butanol Fuel
Oxygenated Renewable Fuel
Gasoline Blend
Particulate Emissions Reduction
Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
GDI Engine
Particle Number-Size Distribution
PN-Size Distribution
Soot Morphology
Physical Characterization
+23 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• May 2017
With rapid depletion of petroleum resources, researchers are investigating alternate fuels to meet global transportation energy demand. Gaseous fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen...
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Hydrogen Fuel
Spark Ignition Engine
Alternate Fuels
Cleaner Combustion
Energy Density
Flammability Range
Backfiring Tendency
Engine Performance
+8 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• May 2016
IC engines are facing two major challenges in the 21st century namely threat of fossil fuel depletion and environmental concerns. HCCI engine is an attractive solution to meet stringent emission chall...
HCCI Engines
Alternative Fuels
Biodiesel (B20)
Diesel
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Environmental Concerns
NOx Reduction
PM Reduction
Emission Challenges
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
+18 more
Journal: SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
• May 2015
Better understanding of flow phenomena inside the combustion chamber of a diesel engine and accurate measurement of flow parameters is necessary for engine optimization i.e. enhancing power output, fu...
Diesel Engine
Combustion Chamber
Airflow Characteristics
Flow Phenomena
Engine Optimization
Fuel Economy
Emissions Control
Air-Fuel Mixing
In-Cylinder Air Flow
High-Speed Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
+25 more
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• May 2015
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered as cleaner fuel compared to gasoline and has emerged as an important alternate transport fuel in view of its abundant availability globally. CNG has been imp...
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG
Emission Characteristics
Public Transportation
Heavy-Duty CNG Bus
Light-Duty CNG Tempo
Traffic Policemen Health
Regulated Gaseous Emissions
Unregulated Pollutants
Particulate Bound PAHs
+15 more
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• May 2014
This paper describes the comparative performance, emissions, combustion characteristics and particulate size–number distribution of 10 and 20% methanol blends (M10 & M20) with gasoline in a medium dut...
Methanol Blends
M10
M20
Gasoline
Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Brake Thermal Efficiency
CO Emissions
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• May 2014
Laser is emerging as a strong concept for alternative ignition in spark ignition engine. Laser ignition has potential advantages over conventional spark plug ignition. Laser ignition system is free fr...
Laser Ignition
Spark Ignition
Alternative Ignition
Spark Plug
In-Cylinder Pressure
Combustion Stability
Fuel Consumption
Power Output
Exhaust Emissions
Engine Performance
+5 more
Journal: Optical Engineering
• May 2014
Laser pulses of few a nanoseconds’ duration are focused by an appropriate converging lens system, leading to breakdown of the medium (combustible gases), resulting in the formation of intense plasma....
Laser Ignition
Nanosecond Laser Pulses
Plasma Generation
Combustible Gases
Spark Ignition
Lean Air-Fuel Mixture
Compressed Natural Gas
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Flame Kernel Visualization
Pulse Energy
+8 more
Journal: Fuel
• May 2013
Particulate and NOx emissions from diesel engine are the biggest challenges faced in making diesel engines environmentally benign. Measures adopted for reducing gravimetric particulate emission to mee...
Diesel Engine
Particulate Emissions
NOx Emissions
Fuel Injection Pressure
Start of Injection Timings
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Surface Area
Volume Concentration
Engine Exhaust Particulate Sizer (EEPS)
Engine Load (BMEP)
+2 more
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• May 2012
Environment friendly alternative energy sources need to be developed in order to meet the burgeoning demand for fossil fuels for transportation. Utilization of vegetable oils as biodiesel is most acce...
Biodiesel
Neem Oil
High Free Fatty Acid
Esterification
Transesterification
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Diesel Engine
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
+15 more
Journal: International Journal of Vehicle Design
• May 2009
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. In present investigation, biodiesel from rice b...
Biodiesel
Rice Bran Oil
Alternative Fuels
Environmental Awareness
Exhaust Emissions
Diesel Engine
Performance Evaluation
Emission Characteristics
ECE R49 Test Cycle
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
+18 more
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• May 2008
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop viable alternative fuels from renewable resources that are environmentally more acceptable. Vegetable oil i...
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Resources
Vegetable Oil
High Viscosity
Low Volatility
Compression Ignition Engines
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oil Esters
Transesterification
Rice Bran Oil
+19 more
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• May 2005
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils by modifying their molecular structure through a transesterification process. Linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) was prepared using methanol i...
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuel
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester
LOME
Transesterification
Compression Ignition Engines
Emission Characteristics
Biodiesel Blend
Endurance Tests
Tribological Studies
+18 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• March 2023
Controlling the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions is one of the vital goals of compression ignition (CI) engines. Implementing stringent emissions regulations has motivate...
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Particulate Matter (PM)
Compression Ignition (CI) Engines
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI)
Emission Control
Engine Efficiency
Low-Octane Gasoline
Preheated Air
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Negative Valve Overlap
+16 more
Journal: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
• March 2021
Vehicular emissions make significant contribution to the total ambient airborne pollutants. Global warming and human health concerns are motivating researchers to come out with newer ways of controlli...
Vehicular Emissions
Ambient Air Pollution
Global Warming
Human Health
Air Pollution Control
Vehicle Emission Regulations
Emissions Monitoring
Real-World Driving Emissions
RDE
Dynamometer Testing
+11 more
Journal: Journal of Tribology
• March 2019
The main objective of this investigation is the evaluation of the performance of hard diamond-like-carbon (DLC) or tungsten carbide (WC) and soft (epoxy composite) dual-coatings on the internal combus...
Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)
Tungsten Carbide (WC)
Epoxy Composite Coating
Dual Coating
Piston Rings
Protective Coating
Wear Reduction
Tribological Tests
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
Engine Performance
+10 more
Journal: Energy
• March 2017
In this study, an advanced combustion concept ‘premixed charge compression ignition’ (PCCI) has been explored for application in diesel engines. PCCI combustion is a single-stage combustion process, i...
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
Diesel Engines
Combustion Concept
Knock
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Split Fuel Injection Strategy
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Fuel Injection Timing
Start of Main Injection (SoMI)
Start of Pilot Injection (SoPI)
+13 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• March 2017
This experimental study focuses on developing new combustion concept for compression ignition (CI) engines by achieving partially homogeneous charge, leading to low temperature combustion (LTC). Parti...
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• March 2017
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have become popular in transportation sector off late and may possibly substitute diesel engines for various applications because of their superior power output...
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Emission Characteristics
Gasohol
Alcohol-Gasoline Mixtures
Ethanol-Gasoline Blends
Methanol-Gasoline Blends
Particulate Matter (PM)
Particulate Number (PN)
Homogeneous Charge Mode
Engine Exhaust Particle Size Analyzer (EEPS)
+12 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• March 2017
Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is an advanced combustion technique, which has the potential to be operated by alternative fuels such as alcohols. PCCI combustion emits lower ox...
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI Combustion
Hybrid Combustion System
Compression Ignition
CI Combustion
Alternative Fuels
Alcohol-Based Fuels
Diesohol
Ethanol-Diesel Blend
Engine Control Unit
+21 more
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• March 2015
Pilot and post injections are being used in modern diesel engines for improving engine performance in addition to meeting stringent emission norms. Biodiesel produced from different feedstocks is gain...
Pilot Injections
Post Injections
Diesel Engines
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Partial Replacement
Compression Ignition Engines
Biodiesel Blends
Injection Pressures
Injection Timings
+20 more
Journal: Fuel
• March 2014
Effect of Karanja biodiesel (Karanja oil methyl ester; KOME) and its blends on engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine of...
Karanja Biodiesel
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
KOME
Biodiesel Blends
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine
Medium Size Utility Vehicle
Engine Speed
+10 more
Journal: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
• March 2013
Diagnosis of combustion is necessary for the estimation of the combustion quality, and control of combustion timing in advanced combustion concepts like HCCI. Combustion diagnostics is often performed...
Combustion Diagnosis
Combustion Quality
Combustion Timing Control
HCCI
Pressure Signal Processing
Piezoelectric Sensor
Cylinder Pressure
Engine Diagnostics
Signal Averaging
Smoothing Techniques
+12 more
Journal: Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
• March 2010
The hydrogenolysis of dilute glycerol solution to 1,2-propanediol was studied in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst (FeCoL/Raney Nickel) having a heterodinuclear FeCo macrocyclic complex ionically...
Hydrogenolysis
Glycerol
1
2-Propanediol
Heterogeneous Catalyst
FeCoL/Raney Nickel
FeCo Macrocyclic Complex
Catalyst Stability
Temperature Stability
Solvent Effect
+12 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• March 2009
Laser-induced spark ignition of lean hydrogen–air mixtures was experimentally investigated using nanosecond pulses generated by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm) at initial pressure of 3 MP...
Laser-Induced Spark Ignition
Lean Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Nanosecond Pulses
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Plasma Formation
Combustion Phenomena
Flame Kernel
Spontaneous Emission Technique
Laser Plasma Propagation
Pressure Rise
+7 more
Journal: Surface and Coatings Technology
• March 2007
This paper reports tribological characterization of titanium based coatings ion bonded on steel balls for automotive applications using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It is well known that lubricati...
Titanium Based Coatings
Tribological Characterization
Ion Bonding
Steel Balls
Automotive Applications
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR Stressed Oil
Lubricating Oil Contamination
Soot Induced Wear
TiN Coatings
+11 more
Journal: Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs
• March 2005
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a suitable bioceramic material for hard tissue replacement. In this present work HAp has synthesized by solid state reactions in temperature near 1250oC and it exhibits hexagon...
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)
Bioceramic Material
Hard Tissue Replacement
Solid-State Reactions
Hexagonal Crystal Structure
Mechanical Properties
Cold Compaction Pressure
Recrushing Operation
Surface Reaction Resistance
Simulated Body Fluid
+11 more
Journal: Energy
• June 2022
The reliance of the transport, agriculture, marine, and power generation sectors on heavy-duty diesel engines would continue in the foreseeable future due to their higher efficiency, torque, fuel econ...
Transport Sector
Agriculture Sector
Marine Sector
Power Generation
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
Efficiency
Torque
Fuel Economy
Durability
Emissions
+29 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• June 2021
Optimized fuel injection timings in internal combustion engines exhibit superior performance, combustion characteristics, and lower emissions. Particularly, particulate emissions from a gasoline direc...
Optimized Fuel Injection Timing
Internal Combustion Engine
Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
GDI Engine
Particulate Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Fuel Economy
Performance Characteristics
Multiple-Port Fuel Injection
MPFI Engine
+17 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• June 2020
Global warming and stringent emission norms have become the major concerns for the road transport sector globally, which has motivated researchers to explore advanced combustion technologies. Reactivi...
Global Warming
Stringent Emission Norms
Road Transport Sector
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
Compression Ignition (CI) Combustion
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Particulate Matter
Methanol as Low-Reactivity Fuel
+13 more
Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
• June 2020
The origin, transport pathway, and spatial variability of total organic carbon (OC) in the western Himalayan glaciers are poorly understood compared to those of black carbon (BC) and dust, but it is c...
Total Organic Carbon
Organic Carbon Transport
Western Himalayan Glaciers
Black Carbon
Dust Deposition
Atmospheric Particulate Matter
PM10
OC Activation Energy
Radiogenic Isotopes
Lead Isotopes
+20 more
Journal: Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
• June 2020
With over 7 million people infected globally and over 5 lakh deaths reported worldwide by COVID-19 virus, World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a pandemic. India is also suffering badly b...
COVID-19
Pandemic
World Health Organization (WHO)
India COVID-19 Crisis
Global Infections
Global Deaths
Vaccine Development
Global Economy Reopening
Precautionary Measures
Mask Wearing
+18 more
Journal: Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
• June 2020
Due to increasingly stringent environmental pollution norms, there is a need for alternate combustion techniques and alternate fuels to keep up with changing trends. One of the viable solutions for In...
Alternate Combustion Techniques
Alternate Fuels
Methanol
Automotive Sector
Two-Wheeler Prototype
M85
Methanol-Gasoline Blend
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
Port Fuel Injection (PFI)
Performance Testing
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• June 2020
In this study, experiments were performed in a single-cylinder research engine to investigate the particulate matter (PM) characteristics of the engine operated in premixed charge compression ignition...
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Particulate Matter Characteristics
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI Mode Combustion
Compression Ignition Mode
CI Mode Combustion
Biodiesel Blends
B20 Fuel
B40 Fuel
Baseline Mineral Diesel
+21 more
Journal: Catalysis Reviews - Science and Engineering
• June 2019
In this review, we have systematically discussed diesel particulate composition and its formation, understanding of which is essential to design the effective catalyst compositions. The most commonly...
Diesel Particulate Composition
Diesel Particulate Formation
Catalyst Compositions
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
Diesel Particulate Filters
Partial Flow Filters
Soot Oxidation Catalysts
Non-Catalytic Particulate Matter Oxidation
Soot Oxidation Mechanisms
Soot Oxidation Kinetics
+9 more
Journal: Fuel
• June 2018
In this study, a fuel injection equipment (FIE) test rig was designed and fabricated to investigate the wear characteristics of FIE components used by a single cylinder diesel engine using Karanja oil...
Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE)
Wear Characteristics
Karanja Oil (KO100)
Karanja Biodiesel (KOME100)
Mineral Diesel
Diesel Engine
Endurance Test
Fuel Pump
Cam and Follower Mechanism
Nozzle Needle
+18 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• June 2017
Exponentially increasing energy demand and stricter emission legislations have motivated researchers to explore alternative fuels and advanced engine technologies, which are more efficient and environ...
Hydrogen Fuel
Internal Combustion Engine
Laser Ignition (LI)
Spark Ignition (SI)
Particulate Emissions
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Gaseous Fuels
Plasma Location
NOx Emissions
+10 more
Journal: RSC Advances
• June 2016
A four cylinder transportation diesel engine was used to evaluate the performance of two non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) with respect to various emission parameters such as part...
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
DOC
Non-Noble Metal Catalysts
Diesel Engine
Particulate Emissions
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
EC/OC
Trace Metals
Mixed Oxide Catalysts
+15 more
Journal: Measurement
• June 2015
Optical visualization technique such as engine endoscopy is a very important tool for time resolved spatial combustion visualization and characterization. It provides valuable information about combus...
Engine Endoscopy
Optical Visualization
Time-Resolved Combustion
Spatial Combustion Visualization
Diesel-Biodiesel Blends
Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Combustion Imaging
Start of Combustion
Soot Distribution
Flame Radiation Temperatures
+12 more
Journal: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
• June 2014
In the present research, effect of biodiesel content on homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics has been investigated experimentally....
Biodiesel
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engine
Combustion
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Biodiesel Blends
B20
B40
Conventional CI Mode
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• June 2010
The methyl esters of vegetable oils known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engines. Methyl...
Methyl Esters
Vegetable Oils
Biodiesel
Environmental Impact
Green Alternative Fuel
Diesel Engines
Rice-Bran Oil
RBOME
Transesterification
Performance Characteristics
+17 more
Journal: Optics and Lasers in Engineering
• June 2009
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a very promising future combustion concept for internal combustion engines. There are several technical difficulties associated with this concept, and...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Auto-Ignition
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Laser Ignition
Erbium Laser
Laser Pulse Width Optimization
Combustion Chamber
Combustion Products
+10 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• June 2008
Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable...
Fuel Crisis
Alternative Fuels
Bio-origin Fuels
Vegetable Oils
Non-edible Oils
Linseed Oil
Mahua Oil
Rice Bran Oil
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester
LOME
+18 more
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• June 2007
The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. Petroleum-based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite r...
Petroleum-based Fuels
Energy Crisis
Alternative Fuels
Alcohol
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oils
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Well-to-Wheel Efficiency
Fuel Versatility
Infrastructure
+29 more
Journal: Atmospheric Environment
• June 2005
This study was set out to characterize particulate emissions from a mid-sized diesel engine in terms of metals, benzene soluble fraction, elemental and organic carbon. For this study, the exhaust part...
Particulate Emissions
Mid-Sized Diesel Engine
Metal Content
Benzene Soluble Fraction
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Diesel Exhaust
Mahindra Direct Injection Engine
Engine Operating Conditions
Idle
+13 more
Journal: Sadhana (Sādhanā)
• June 2004
In diesel engines, NOx formation is a highly temperature-dependent phenomenon and takes place when the temperature in the combustion chamber exceeds 2000 K. Therefore, in order to reduce NOx emissions...
Diesel Engines
NOx Emissions
Temperature-Dependent NOx Formation
Combustion Chamber Temperature
Late Fuel Injection
Fuel Consumption
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
NOx Reduction
Particulate Emissions
High Load Conditions
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• July 2023
Ammonia, as a carbon-free renewable fuel of emerging interest, has the potential to substitute conventional fossil fuels. However, one challenge in utilizing such fuel is the risk of high NOx (nitroge...
Ammonia
Carbon-Free
Renewable Fuel
Fossil Fuels
NOx Emissions
Secondary Fuel Injection
Pollutant Formation
Suppression Mechanism
Computational Model
Ammonia/Oxygen Kinetics
+12 more
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• July 2023
In this study, a dedicated fuel injection equipment (FIE) for a 100% dimethyl ether (DME)-fueled three-cylinder engine was developed. DME has a cetane number (>55) higher than baseline diesel (40–50),...
Dimethyl Ether
DME Engine
Fuel Injection Equipment
Compression Ignition
Cetane Number
Lubricity
Viscosity
Density
Calorific Value
Vapour Pressure
+21 more
Journal: Environmental Pollution
• July 2023
Diesel-fuelled CI engines are the primary sources of particulate matter (PM) emissions which harm human health and the urban environment. Elevated PM emission levels can cause respiratory diseases and...
Diesel-Fuelled CI Engine
Particulate Matter Emissions
Human Health Impact
Urban Environment
Respiratory Diseases
Air Quality Deterioration
Atmospheric Visibility
Dimethyl Ether
DME Fuel
Carbon-Neutral Fuel
+22 more
Journal: Energy
• July 2022
Increasing global demand for transport energy and concerns regarding diesel engine emissions have motivated alternative fuels for the internal combustion (IC) engine. Numerous researchers have investi...
Global Transport Energy Demand
Diesel Engine Emissions
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engine
IC Engine
Dual-Fuel Mode
Emission Profiles
Energy Consumption
Hydrogen
Natural Gas
+25 more
Journal: Fuel
• July 2021
Methanol has emerged as a strong alternate fuel candidate, which can meet future fuel requirements for locomotive traction. Simulation approach is an excellent tool for preliminary technical feasibili...
Methanol
Alternative Fuel
Locomotive Traction
Diesel Displacement
ALCO-251 Engine
Indian Railways
1-D Simulation
GT-Power
Experimental Validation
Engine Notches
+21 more
Journal: Fuel
• July 2021
A comprehensive understanding of renewable fuels' spray behavior leads to superior combustion and emission characteristics from internal combustion (IC) engines. This study is aimed at investigating t...
Renewable Fuels
Spray Behavior
Combustion Characteristics
Internal Combustion (IC) Engines
Gasoline
Gasohol
E15
M15
Bu15
Ethanol
+24 more
Journal: Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
• July 2020
This paper describes a robust autonomous disinfection tunnel to disinfect external surfaces of COVID-19 virus such as clothes and open body sections in public places such as airports, office complexes...
Autonomous Disinfection Tunnel
COVID-19 Virus Disinfection
Public Health Safety
Clothes Disinfection
Body Surface Disinfection
Airports
Office Complexes
Schools
Malls
Ultrasonic Sensors
+14 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• July 2020
Laser ignition (LI) is emerging as a strong technology to control the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from spark ignition (SI) engines without the need for any significant exhaust gas after-treatme...
Laser Ignition
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx Emissions
Spark Ignition Engine
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment
Particulate Characteristics
Compressed Natural Gas
Hydrogen
HCNG
Engine Load
+12 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• July 2020
This study aims to assess the microscopic characteristics of Jatropha, Karanja, and Waste cooking oil-based biodiesels vis-a-vis conventional diesel under different ambient conditions in order to unde...
Microscopic Spray Characteristics
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Conventional Diesel
Compression Ignition Engine
In-Cylinder Processes
Common-Rail Direct Injection
CRDI System
Fuel Injection Pressure
+19 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• July 2019
Engine noise and vibrations are influenced by engine’s combustion characteristics in addition to contributions from moving components. Combustion characteristics in-turn depend on various parameters s...
Ngine Noise
Engine Vibration
Combustion Characteristics
Fuel Type
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Spark Timing
Methanol
Gasoline
Methanol-Gasoline Blends
+12 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• July 2019
In this experimental study, a production grade engine was modified to operate in two combustion modes, namely conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combu...
Diesel Combustion
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC)
Engine Load
Fuel Injection Parameters
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
B20
Biodiesel
Emission Characteristics
NOx Emissions
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• July 2018
In this experimental study, spray and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder optical engine were evaluated by varying the fuel injection pressure (FIP) (40, 80, and 120 MPa). Karanja, Jatroph...
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Biodiesel Fuels
Karanja Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Biodiesel
Spray Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Optical Engine
Spray Cone Angles
Injection Delay
+14 more
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• July 2017
Universal concerns about degradation in ambient environment, stringent emission legislations, depletion of petroleum reserves, security of fuel supply and global warming have motivated research and de...
Low Temperature Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Combustion Concepts
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Specific Fuel Consumption
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rate
Fuel Preparation
Homogeneous Charge
+18 more
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• July 2017
Biodiesel is receiving serious attention globally as a potential alternative fuel for replacing mineral diesel, partially or fully. In this review paper, most prominent methods of biodiesel production...
Low Temperature Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Combustion Concepts
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Specific Fuel Consumption
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rate
Fuel Preparation
Homogeneous Charge
+18 more
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• July 2017
Premixed-charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is a novel combustion concept, whereby a partially homogeneous fuel–air mixture burns predominantly in a premixed combustion phase, which results...
Low Temperature Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Combustion Concepts
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Specific Fuel Consumption
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rate
Fuel Preparation
Homogeneous Charge
+18 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• July 2015
Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most promising alternative fuel to mineral diesel in last two decades globally. Lower blends of biodiesel emit fewer pollutants, while easing pressure on scarce pet...
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel Blends
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Matter
Nanoparticles
Compression Ignition Engines
Emission Legislation
Common Rail Direct Injection Engine
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Particulate Size-Surface Area Distribution
+10 more
Journal: International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology
• July 2015
This paper presents experimental results of a newly developed compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled direct injection (DI) engine, which was developed by modifying a single cylinder CI engine. Major mod...
Compressed Natural Gas
Direct Injection
Single Cylinder CI Engine
Cylinder Head Modification
Piston Modification
Electronic CNG Injection System
Capacitive Discharge Ignition
Fuel Injection Pressure
Engine Speed
Engine Performance
+12 more
Journal: Optics and Lasers in Engineering
• July 2014
Laser ignition of compressed natural gas–air mixtures was investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) as well as in a single cylinder engine. Laser ignition has several potential advan...
Laser Ignition
Compressed Natural Gas
Air Mixtures
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Single Cylinder Engine
Spark Ignition
Optical Breakdown
Plasma Generation
Ignition Energy
Pressure Rise
+17 more
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• July 2009
Straight vegetable oil utilization as a diesel engine fuel has the advantages of eliminating the energy, time, and cost involved in biodiesel production. Since straight vegetable oils have quite high...
Straight Vegetable Oil
Diesel Engine Fuel
Biodiesel Production
High Viscosity
Combustion Properties
Heat Exchanger
Exhaust Gas Waste Heat
Preheated Karanja Oil
Carbon Deposits
Engine Wear
+19 more
Journal: Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs
• July 2005
The development of hip joint materials is one of the most challenging problems to prostheses technology in this millennium. Several types of materials have been developed for this purpose. The materia...
Hip Joint Materials
Prostheses Technology
Glass
Polymer
PTFE
Teflon
UHMWPE
Metal
Stainless Steel
CoCr Alloy
+28 more
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• July 2003
Biodiesel is prepared using linseed oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) in a compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compat...
Linseed Oil
Methanol
Transesterification
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester (LOME)
Biodiesel Blends
Compression Ignition Engine
Lubricating Oil
Long-Term Endurance Tests
Elemental Analysis
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
+15 more
Journal: International Journal of Automotive Technology
• January 2023
Compression-ignition (CI) engines have been utilised in transport and power generation sectors due to their excellent thermal efficiency, robustness and durability. However, the rapid depletion of cru...
Compression-Ignition (CI) Engines
Thermal Efficiency
Biodiesel
Renewable Fuels
Alternative Fuels
Environmental Concerns
Crude Oil Depletion
Biodiesel Feedstocks
Soybean
Rapeseed
+20 more
Journal: Energy
• January 2023
The macroscopic spray characteristics and internal structure of a highly expanded compressed natural gas (Methane; CH4) spray were experimentally and numerically investigated. The spray jet characteri...
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Methane (CH4)
Spray Characteristics
Shockwave Structure
Injection Pressure
Pressure Ratio (PR)
Schlieren Imaging
Spray Development
Choking Phenomenon
Gas Flow
+17 more
Journal: Fuel
• January 2022
The use of oxygenated fuels, including ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether (DEE), and dimethyl ether (DME) in CI engines has emerged as an effective way to reduce CO, HC, and PM emissions. DEE, in partic...
Oxygenated Fuels
Ethanol
Methanol
Diethyl Ether
DEE
Dimethyl Ether
DME
CI Engines
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
+27 more
Journal: Fuel
• January 2022
Modifications and improvements in fuel properties have become imperative to reduce engine-out emissions to comply with the existing and upcoming emission norms. Previous studies have demonstrated that...
Oxygenated Fuels
Di-Ethyl Ether
Diesel Blends
Combustion Performance
Engine Emissions
CI Engine
Tractor Engines
Fuel Modifications
Emission Norms
Brake Thermal Efficiency
+14 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• January 2020
Internal combustion (IC) engines operating on fossil fuel oil provide about 25% of the world’s power (about 3000 out of 13,000 million tons oil equivalent per year—see Figure 1), and in doing so, they...
Ternal Combustion Engine
Fossil Fuel
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Fuel Consumption
Emissions Reduction
Engine Technology
Electric Drive Vehicles
Transportation Sector
Emission Scandals
Engine Research
+10 more
Journal: Fuel
• January 2019
In the present study, comparison of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition (CI) genset engine fueled by biodiesels derived from Waste cooking oi...
Single Cylinder Engine
Compression Ignition (CI)
Genset Engine
Biodiesels
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)
Jatropha Oil
Karanja Oil
Mineral Diesel
Performance Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
+22 more
Journal: Fuel
• January 2019
This study investigates the effect of biodiesel fuels on morphological characteristics of soot particles from spray flame in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were carried out unde...
Biodiesel Fuels
Soot Particles
Morphological Characteristics
Spray Flame
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Diesel Engine Simulation
Auto-Ignition
Ambient Pressure
Ambient Temperature
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
+13 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2018
In-cylinder flows in internal combustion (IC) engines have always been a focus of study in order to gain better understanding of fuel–air mixing process and combustion optimization. Different conventi...
In-Cylinder Flows
Internal Combustion Engine
Fuel-Air Mixing
Combustion Optimization
Hot Wire Anemometry (HWA)
Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)
Numerical Simulations
Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
Single-Cylinder Engine
Flow Evolution
+16 more
Journal: Tribology International
• January 2017
Epoxy-based composites are promising tribological coatings. The tribological properties of epoxy composites with filler materials such as graphene, graphite, and liquid lubricants (base-oil SN150 and...
Epoxy-Based Composites
Tribological Coatings
Filler Materials
Graphene
Graphite
Liquid Lubricants
Base-Oil SN150
Perfluoropolyether
Cylindrical Steel Surface
Steel Ball Counterface
+10 more
Journal: Energy
• January 2017
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of blending ratio of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) on spray characteristics and to analyze the engine performance and exhaust emissions of Kar...
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME)
Biodiesel Blend
Spray Characteristics
Injection Pressure
Injection Rate
Spray Visualization
Engine Performance
Exhaust Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Spray Evolution
+9 more
Journal: Fuel
• January 2017
Particulates emitted by a transportation diesel engine fuelled with Karanja biodiesel blend (20% v/v biodiesel blended with 80% v/v mineral diesel) were tested for the trace metal content and inorgani...
Particulates
Diesel Engine
Karanja Biodiesel
Mineral Diesel
Trace Metals
Inorganic Ions
Nitrates
Chlorides
Fluorides
Sulphates
+12 more
Journal: Science of The Total Environment
• January 2017
Two new formulations of non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts based on Cosingle bondCe based mixed oxide (DOC2) and perovskite catalysts (DOC3) were prepared and retrofitted in a 4-cylinder...
Non-Noble Metal
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
Cosingle bondCe Mixed Oxide
Perovskite Catalysts
Diesel Engine
Karanja Biodiesel Blend
Emission Reduction
Particulate Emissions
Particle Number-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
+12 more
Journal: Energy
• January 2017
Decline in global resources of petroleum based fuels such as diesel and gasoline have attracted attention of researchers towards alternative fuels which are capable of providing both, energy security...
Alternative Fuels
Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
JB100
JB20
Diesel Engine Fuels
Oxygenated Fuels
Energy Security
Environmental Protection
Emission Reduction
+19 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2016
Biofuels produced from nonedible sources that are cultivated on marginal lands represent a viable source of renewable and carbon-neutral energy. In this context, biodiesel obtained from Jatropha and K...
Biofuels
Nonedible Sources
Marginal Lands
Renewable Energy
Carbon-Neutral Energy
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Diesel Blends
Performance Characteristics
+14 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• January 2016
For improving engine performance and emissions, researchers are improving combustion; and developing sustainable fuels in order to ensure global energy security. In this experimental investigation, a...
Hydrogen Fueled Engine
Port Fuel Injection
Laser Ignition System
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Pulse Energy
Laser Pulse Duration
Combustion Optimization
Lean Mixtures
NOx Emissions Reduction
Hydrogen-Air Mixture
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2015
Biofuels are attracting global attention as alternate transportation fuels due to advantages of their being produced from locally available renewable resources, lower pollution potential, and biodegra...
Biofuels
Alternate Transportation Fuels
Renewable Resources
Lower Pollution
Biodegradable Nature
Butanol
Competitive Biofuels
Transportation Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engines
+26 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2015
Alcohols (ethanol and methanol) are being widely considered as alternative fuels for automotive applications. At the same time, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted glob...
Alcohol Fuels
Ethanol
Methanol
Alternative Fuels
Automotive Applications
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engine
High Engine Efficiency
Ultralow Emissions
Particulate Matter
+25 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• January 2014
Laser ignition of hydrogen–air mixture was carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) at 10 bar initial chamber filling pressure and 373 K chamber temperature. A Q-switched Nd:YAG lase...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen-Air Mixture
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
CVCC
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Pulse Duration
Plasma Generation
Flammability Limits
Pressure-Time History
Flame Kernel Development
+8 more
Journal: Measurement
• January 2013
Several parameters derived from heat release analysis are used for combustion diagnostics and control in internal combustion engines. It is important to tune the input parameters used in heat release...
Combustion Diagnostics
Heat Release Analysis
Internal Combustion Engines
Combustion Control
Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Motoring
Cumulative Heat Release
Parameter Tuning
Intake Air Temperature
+12 more
Journal: Thermal Science
• January 2013
The combustion and emission characteristics of vegetable oils and derivatives are quite different from mineral diesel due to their relatively high viscosity, density and vaporisation characteristics....
Jatropha Oil
Spray Characterization
Spray Tip Penetration
Spray Cone Angle
Spray Area
Fuel Atomization
Jatropha Biodiesel
Chamber Pressure
Fuel Blends
Optical Techniques
+9 more
Journal: Atmospheric Environment
• January 2012
There is a global concern about adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) originating from diesel engine exhaust. In the current study, parametric investigations were carried out using a CRDI...
Diesel Engine
CRDI
Biodiesel Blend
Karanja Oil
Particulate Matter
PM Emissions
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Trace Metals
ICP-OES
Organic Carbon (OC)
+13 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• January 2012
Combustion instability and cyclic variations lead to the requirement of closed loop control for use of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine technology for automotive applications. The...
HCCI Engine
Combustion Instability
Cyclic Variations
Closed Loop Control
Combustion Timing
Heat Release Parameters
Maximum Rate of Heat Release
ROHRmax
Mass Burn Fraction
MBF
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2012
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an advanced combustion concept that is developed as an alternative to diesel engines with higher thermal efficiency along with ultralow NOx and PM emi...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Advanced Combustion Concept
Diesel Engines
Thermal Efficiency
Ultrulow NOx Emissions
PM Emissions
Two Cylinder Engine
Conventional CI Mode
Homogeneous Mixture
Air-Fuel Mixture
+16 more
Journal: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
• January 2011
ABSTRACT Poor oxidation stability is the central problem associated with the commercial acceptance of the biodiesel. The EU standard (EN14214) specifies a minimum value of 6 h for biodiesel induction...
Biodiesel
Oxidation Stability
Poor Oxidation Stability
Commercial Acceptance
EU Standard
EN14214
Induction Period
Rancimat Instrument
Antioxidants
Storage Stability
+32 more
Journal: International Energy Journal
• January 2011
Alternative energy sources need to be developed in order to meet the increasing demand for fossil fuels. Furthermore, from environmental perspective, these new resources of energy must be environment...
Alternative Energy Sources
Fossil Fuel Demand
Environmental Sustainability
Biomass Energy
Vegetable Oils
Mineral Diesel Substitute
Neem Oil Biodiesel
High Free Fatty Acid
Base Catalyzed Transesterification
Biodiesel Production
+20 more
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials
• January 2010
This study investigates the development and potential application of activated carbon fibers (ACF) functionalized with ammonia for control of NO and particulate matter (PM) in diesel engine exhaust. A...
Activated Carbon Fibers
ACF Functionalization
Ammonia
Nitrogen Oxides
NO Oxidation
Particulate Matter
PM Removal
Diesel Engine Exhaust
Tubular Reactor
Aqueous Ammonia
+15 more
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• January 2010
Vegetable oils have an energy content suitable for use as a fuel in diesel engines. Some of these oils have already been evaluated as substitutes for diesel fuels. However, several operational and dur...
Vegetable Oils
Diesel Engines
Karanja Oil
Transesterification
Fuel Blending
Exhaust Gas Preheating
Viscosity Reduction
Combustion Performance
Emission Characteristics
Compression Ignition Engine
+17 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• January 2009
An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with Karanja oil and its blends (10%, 20%, 50% and 7...
Compression Ignition Engine
Karanja Oil
Biodiesel Blends
Mineral Diesel
Viscosity Reduction
Preheating
Heat Exchanger
Waste Heat
Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
+17 more
Journal: Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
• January 2009
The interface between the piston rings and cylinder liner plays an important role in total frictional losses and mechanical wear of internal combustion engines and is increasingly coming under scrutin...
Piston Rings
Cylinder Liner
Frictional Losses
Mechanical Wear
Internal Combustion Engine
Particulate Emission Standards
Capacitance Method
Oil Film Thickness
Piston Ring-Liner Interface
Probe Measurement
+16 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2009
Vegetable oils have energy content suitable to be used as compression ignition (CI) engine fuel. However, several operational and durability problems of using straight vegetable oils in CI engines are...
Vegetable Oils
Compression Ignition Engine
Straight Vegetable Oil
Jatropha Oil
Biodiesel
Transesterification
Viscosity
Exhaust Gas Heating
Fuel Blending
Combustion Behavior
+18 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
The Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is the third alternative for the combustion in the reciprocating engine. HCCI a hybrid of well-known spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI...
HCCI Combustion
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Spark Ignition
Compression Ignition
Ethanol Port Injection
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Preheated Intake Air
Combustion Parameters
Pressure Time History
Rate Of Pressure Rise
+9 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
Biodiesel is being explored as a sustainable renewable fuel for vehicles in India due to mounting foreign exchange expenditure to import crude petroleum. Significant amount of research and development...
Biodiesel
Renewable Fuel
India
Crude Petroleum Import
Sustainable Energy
Engine Compatibility
Modern Engine Technology
Sports Utility Vehicle
BS-III Compliant
IIT Kanpur
+22 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
The interface between the piston rings and cylinder liner play an important role in total frictional losses and mechanical wear of internal combustion engine and is increasingly coming under scrutiny...
Piston Ring-Cylinder Liner Interface
Frictional Losses
Mechanical Wear
Internal Combustion Engine
Particulate Emission Standards
Capacitance Method
Oil Film Thickness Measurement
Piston Ring Lubrication
Cylinder Liner Friction
Dielectric Constant
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
The scarce and rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from veget...
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engines
Vegetable Oils
CO2 Emissions
Petroleum Products
Jatropha Oil
Viscosity Reduction
Diesel Blends
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
+13 more
Journal: Materials & Design
• January 2007
The performance of a combustion engine is closely related to the friction force and wear between cylinder liner and piston rings. It is believed that this friction force can be significantly reduced b...
Combustion Engine
Friction Force
Wear
Cylinder Liner
Piston Rings
Surface Topography
Lubricating Oil Consumption
Experimental Studies
Wear Testers
Friction Testers
+16 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2004
Thermal loading of diesel engine pistons has increased dramatically in recent years due to applications of various technologies to meet low emission and high power requirements. Control of piston temp...
Diesel Engine Pistons
Thermal Loading
Cooling Technologies
Piston Temperature
Oil Jets
Crankcase Cooling
Piston Seizure
Piston Warping
Boiling Point
Mist Generation
+16 more
Journal: Energy
• February 2021
A customized port-fuel-injection (PFI) SI engine was operated in spark ignition (SI) and laser ignition (LI) modes at varying brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and relative air-fuel ratio (λ) under...
Port-Fuel-Injection
PFI
Spark Ignition Engine
SI Engine
Laser Ignition
LI
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
BMEP
Air-Fuel Ratio
Lambda
+29 more
Journal: Physics of Fluids
• February 2020
Macroscopic spray characteristics of a fuel injection system in an internal combustion (IC) engine have a direct impact on engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics. Nonintrusive i...
Macroscopic Spray Characteristics
Fuel Injection System
Internal Combustion Engine
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Nonintrusive In-Cylinder Measurements
Spray Formation Process
Fuel-Air Mixing
Artium Phase Doppler Interferometer
+19 more
Journal: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
• February 2020
In the last couple of decades, blending of oxygenated additives with gasoline has been advocated to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to reduce hazardous health effects of gaseous emissions and pa...
Gasohol
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends
Spark Ignition Engine
Exhaust Particulate Matter
PM Toxicity
Physical Characterization
Chemical Characterization
Biological Characterization
Unregulated Gaseous Species
Sulfur Dioxide
+14 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• February 2020
Methanol fueled internal combustion (IC) engines have attracted significant attention due to their contributions in reducing environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption. In this study, a singl...
Methanol Fueled Engine
Internal Combustion Engine
MD10 Blend
Methanol-Diesel Blends
Fuel Injection Strategy
Single Pilot Injection
Double Pilot Injection
Start of Main Injection
Crank Angle Timing
Fuel Injection Pressure
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• February 2020
Spray analysis is used to characterize the fuel spray evolution and spray shape, which affects in-cylinder combustion and particulate emission characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines. In...
Spray Analysis
Fuel Spray Evolution
Spray Shape
In-Cylinder Combustion
Particulate Emissions
Compression Ignition Engine
Biodiesel Blends
Mineral Diesel
High-Speed CCD Camera
Fuel Injection Pressure
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• February 2019
Genset engines are popular for power backup as well as for agricultural applications in rural areas. However these engines are noisy and emit toxic pollutants. It is therefore important to develop noi...
Genset Engines
Power Backup
Agricultural Applications
Rural Areas
Noise Reduction
Toxic Pollutants
Noise Regulations
Combustion Characteristics
Noise and Vibration
Soyabean Biofuel
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• February 2018
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered as one of the most promising alternative fuel used in transport sector worldwide with great potential. However it suffers from the problem of high NOx emissi...
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Lean Combustion
NOx Emissions
Spark Ignition (SI) Engine
Lean Fuel-Air Mixture
Flame Speed
Power Output
Ignition System
Laser Ignition
Air-Fuel Ratio
+13 more
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials
• February 2018
In present study, engine exhaust was sampled for measurement and analysis of unregulated emissions from a four cylinder transportation diesel engine using a state-of-the-art FTIR (Fourier transform in...
Unregulated Emissions
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Diesel Engine
Karanja Biodiesel Blend (B20)
Mineral Diesel
Real-Time Emission Measurements
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs)
Non-Noble Metal Based DOCs
Noble Metal Based DOC
Co-Ce Mixed Oxide Catalyst
+13 more
Journal: Fuel
• February 2017
Laser ignition of gaseous fuels leads to improved lean-burn combustion, which is a key technology in reducing engine out emissions for meeting stringent future emission legislations. Hydrogen enriched...
Laser Ignition
Gaseous Fuels
Lean-Burn Combustion
Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HCNG)
Spark Ignition (SI) Engines
Future Emission Legislations
Flame Kernel Evolution
Combustion Chamber
Constant-Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC)
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
+13 more
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• February 2017
Control of harmful pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM)/ soot, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) emitted by diesel engines is essential in order to protect th...
Low Temperature Combustion
LTC
Partially Premixed Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
PHCCI
Compression Ignition Engine
CI Engine
Diesel Engine
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
Particulate Matter
+26 more
Journal: Fuel
• February 2016
CNG (Compressed natural gas) and HCNG (Hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas) have not been investigated extensively for particulate emissions, when they are used as fuel in the internal combustion...
CNG
HCNG
Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
Particulate Emissions
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Spark Ignition Engine
Engine Load
BMEP
Fuel Injection
Engine Speed
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• February 2016
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine is known for its higher power and higher thermal efficiency. Researchers are steadily determining and resolving the problems of fuel injection in a GDI engine. I...
Gasoline Direct Injection
GDI Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure
PM Emissions
NOx Emissions
Microscopic Spray Characteristics
Fuel-Air Mixing
Mixture Preparation Mechanisms
High-Speed CCD Camera
Spray Penetration Length
+14 more
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• February 2015
In this investigation, effect of 10%, 20% and 50% Karanja biodiesel blends on injection rate, atomization, engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of common rail direct injection...
Karanja Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
KOME
Injection Rate
Atomization
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Common Rail Direct Injection
+22 more
Journal: Fuel
• February 2015
Recent emission control legislations restrict the particulate mass emissions as well as particle numbers due to severe adverse health effects of smaller size particulates. Therefore from health perspe...
Particulate Emissions
Emission Control Legislations
Particulate Mass Emissions
Particulate Number Emissions
Health Effects
Alternative Fuel
Karanja Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Particulate Size-Surface Area Distribution
+16 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• February 2015
Increasing population and demand for fossil fuels is leading to rapid depletion of petroleum reserves. Hydrogen has great promise as an alternative fuel for powering next generation internal combustio...
Hydrogen Fuel
Alternative Fuel
Internal Combustion Engines
Laser Ignition
Ignition Techniques
Engine Efficiency
Reduced Emissions
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Combustion Initiation
+15 more
Journal: Particuology
• February 2015
In congested urban roads, cars must stop at intersections because of city traffic lights. As a result, pedestrians and traffic police personnel are exposed to pollutants emanating from the tailpipe of...
Urban Traffic Pollution
Vehicle Emissions
Gasoline Engines
Diesel Engines
City Traffic Junctions
Tailpipe Emissions
Particulate Matter
Trace Metals
Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Engine Idling
+15 more
Journal: Fuel
• February 2015
In this study, biodiesels from four different locally available Indian feedstocks have been characterized for their physical, chemical and thermal properties. Gas chromatography (GC) has been done to...
Biodiesel Characterization
Indian Feedstocks
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Thermal Properties
Gas Chromatography
Ester Composition
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis
Vaporization Characteristics
Latent Heat Of Vaporization
+16 more
Journal: Particuology
• February 2015
Two-wheeler vehicles are an important mode of transportation in developing countries. However, the emissions from two-wheeler vehicles are significant. Urban two-wheeler vehicles with gasoline-fueled...
Two-Wheeler Vehicles
Exhaust Emissions
Gravimetric Measurements
Particulate Mass
Engine Speed
Traffic Junction
Engine Capacity
NOx Emissions
Particulate Matter
Online Measurements
+14 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• February 2014
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of engine operating parameters on exhaust particulate size–number distribution in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engine
Gasoline
N-Butanol
Alternative Fuels
Port Fuel Injection
Intake Air Preheating
Auto-Ignition
Exhaust Particulate
Size-Number Distribution
+18 more
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• February 2013
Vegetable oils and their esters (biodiesel) undergo oxidation and degenerate more quickly than mineral diesel. The unsaturated fatty acids present in vegetable oils are susceptible to oxidation. One o...
Vegetable Oils
Biodiesel
Oxidation Stability
Storage Stability
Antioxidants
Karanja Oil Methyl Esters
Storage Conditions
Rancimat
Long-Term Storage
Oxidation Reactions
+18 more
Journal: Journal of ASTM International
• February 2010
Straight vegetable oil utilization as diesel engine fuel has the advantage of eliminating the energy, time, and cost involved in biodiesel production. Since straight vegetable oils have relatively hig...
Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
Diesel Engine Fuel
Biodiesel Production
Viscosity Reduction
Jatropha Oil
Heat Exchanger
Engine Exhaust Gas
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
+23 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• February 2006
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a technique, which is being used widely to reduce and control the NOx emissions from diesel engines. However, the use of EGR leads to rise in soot emission because o...
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
NOx Emissions
Diesel Engines
Soot Emissions
Soot-NOx Trade-off
Lubricating Oil
Engine Wear
Experimental Investigation
Lubricating Oil Characteristics
+14 more
Journal: Science of The Total Environment
• December 2023
Methanol adaptation in the transport sector is being encouraged worldwide. Methanol, a high-octane fuel, is emerging as a strong fuel candidate for powering spark-ignition (SI) engines and it can be i...
Methanol Adaptation
High-Octane Fuel
Spark-Ignition Engine
Agricultural Biomass Waste
High-Ash Coal
M15 Fuel Blend
Bharat Stage-VI
BS-VI 2020
Light-Duty Engine
Multipoint Port Fuel Injection
+22 more
Journal: Wear
• December 2021
Biodiesel has emerged as a viable alternative to mineral diesel in the transport sector to replace fossil fuels partially. However, long-term compatibility with engine hardware must be evaluated to en...
Biodiesel
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
Mineral Diesel
Transport Sector
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Endurance Test
Fuel Blends
Wear Evaluation
Engine Components
+21 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• December 2018
Biodiesel has emerged as a suitable alternative to mineral diesel in compression ignition (CI) engines in order to ensure global energy security and to reduce engine out emissions in near future. Biod...
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuels
Compression Ignition Engines
Engine Emissions
Fuel Properties
Spray Development
Combustion
Emission Formation
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Gaseous Emissions
+20 more
Journal: International Journal of Thermal Sciences
• December 2018
Fuel injection parameters such as fuel injection pressure (FIP) and start of injection (SOI) timing significantly affect combustion, performance, emission and durability of a common rail direct inject...
Fuel Injection Parameters
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Start of Injection (SOI) Timing
Combustion Characteristics
Performance
Emissions
Durability
Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Single Cylinder Engine
Heat Transfer
+16 more
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• December 2018
In this study, two gasohols, namely, E15 [15% v/v ethanol blended with 85% v/v gasoline] and M15 [15% v/v methanol blended with 85% v/v gasoline] with respect to baseline gasoline were investigated fo...
Gasohol
E15
M15
Ethanol
Methanol
Gasoline
Soot Particles
Particulate Matter
GDI Engine
Transmission Electron Microscope
+16 more
Journal: Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability
• December 2018
Rapidly increasing fossil fuel demand and deteriorating air quality have resulted in enormous pressure on automotive researchers and OEMs to develop more efficient and clean internal combustion (IC) e...
Low Temperature Combustion
Mode Switching Technique
Internal Combustion Engines
Oxides Of Nitrogen Reduction
Particulate Matter Reduction
Ignition Timing Control
Heat Release Rate
Compression Ignition Combustion
Dual Mode Combustion
Gasoline Engines
+10 more
Journal: Fuel
• December 2016
The present experimental investigations have been carried out to compare particulate emission characteristics of mineral diesel, gasoline, CNG, HCNG and hydrogen fueled engines. Experiments were perfo...
Particulate Emission Characteristics
Mineral Diesel
Gasoline
CNG
HCNG
Hydrogen Fuels
Engine Modifications
Particle Number-Size Distribution
Surface Area-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
+12 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
Diesel engine emissions consist of several harmful gaseous species, some of which are regulated by stringent emission norms, while many others are not. These unregulated emission species are responsib...
Unregulated Gaseous Emissions
Diesel Engine Emissions
Karanja Biodiesel
Methanol Blends
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analyzer
Compression Ignition Engine
Emission Characteristics
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol
+11 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
Vegetable oils and biodiesel have emerged as strong alternative fuels worldwide. However use of new fuels in existing engines leads to issues such as wear of vital moving components, and fuel injectio...
Alternative Fuels
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oils
Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE)
Engine Compatibility
Wear Resistance
Karanja Blends
Jatropha Blends
Biofuel Blends
Non-Firing Engine Simulator
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• December 2016
There is an urgent need for detailed comparative engine performance assessment of alternative fuels such as biofuels vis-à-vis conventional gasoline and diesel. Single cylinder genset engines are wide...
Alternative Fuels
Biofuels
Engine Performance
Jatropha Biodiesel
Diesel
Genset Engines
Combustion Characteristics
Noise
Vibrations
Spray Characterization
+9 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
This study involved a comparative experimental characterization of trace metals and relative toxicity evaluation of particulates emitted by a medium-duty transportation diesel engine using diesel and...
Trace Metals
Particulates
Toxicity
Jatropha Biodiesel
Diesel
Engine Emissions
B20
Organic Carbon
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Crust Elements
+10 more
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• December 2016
Endoscopic optical visualization technique is reliable for investigations in harsh environments such as IC engine combustion chambers. In this study, high temperature industrial endoscopy was employed...
Endoscopic Visualization
Optical Diagnostics
In-Cylinder Combustion
High-Speed CCD Camera
Jatropha SVO
Diesel Engine
Combustion Characteristics
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Start of Combustion (SoC)
Combustion Duration (CD)
+10 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
Main objective of this study was to demonstrate endoscopic visualization of combustion events in the combustion chamber of a production grade compression ignition (CI) engine. High speed endoscopic im...
Endoscopic Visualization
Combustion Events
Compression Ignition Engine
High-Speed Imaging
In-Cylinder Combustion
Biodiesel
Mineral Diesel
Engine Loads
Image Processing
Start of Combustion
+13 more
Journal: Fuel
• December 2015
It is essential to reduce emissions from the existing vehicles, in order to preserve the environment. In this study, Karanja oil derived biodiesel generated particulates emanating from a medium-duty t...
Emissions Reduction
Karanja Biodiesel
Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
DOC
Particulate Emissions
Gaseous Emissions
Particle Size-Number Distribution
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
+13 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• December 2014
Experiments were carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) to investigate flame kernel development and flame speed of hydrogen–air mixtures having different fuel–air ratios. A Q-switc...
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
CVCC
Flame Kernel Development
Flame Speed
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Fuel-Air Ratio
Laser Ignition
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Laser-Induced Plasma
Initial Chamber Pressure
+19 more
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• December 2011
Particle size and number distribution from an engine tailpipe has a direct bearing on the residence time of the particles in the atmosphere and their toxicity. This study presents the number concentra...
Engine Tailpipe Emissions
Particle Size Distribution
Number Concentration
Nano-Particles
Naturally Aspirated Engine
Water Cooled
Single Cylinder Engine
Diesel Fuelled
Direct Injection Compression Ignition
DICI Engine
+13 more
Journal: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
• December 2011
New combustion concepts developed in internal combustion engines such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) have attracted serious attention due to the possibilities to simultaneously achi...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
High Efficiency
Low Emissions
Ultra-Low NOx
Particulate Matter Reduction
Environmental Impact
Emission Regulations
Particulate Emissions
+10 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• December 2011
Condensed soot coming out of vehicular exhaust is commonly classified as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). OC can be directly emitted to the atmosphere in the particulate form (primary ca...
Organic Carbon
Elemental Carbon
Secondary Organic Carbon
Gas-To-Particle Conversion
Diesel Exhaust
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Particulate Matter
Exhaust Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
+20 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• December 2010
Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode combustion has attracted significant attention because of its superior engine performance and significantly lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen...
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Engine Performance
Low Emissions
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
Particulate Matter
PM
Fuel Injection Pressure
FIP
+23 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• August 2023
Shipping is one of the most efficient transportation modes for moving freight globally. International regulations concerning decarbonization and emission reduction goals drive rapid innovations to mee...
Marine Shipping
Freight Transportation
Decarbonization Goals
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Internal Combustion Engines
Marine Propulsion Systems
Low-Carbon Fuels
Net Zero Emissions
Zero-Carbon Fuels
Lifecycle Carbon Intensity
+10 more
Journal: Fuel
• August 2023
Diethyl ether (DEE) has evolved as a potential alternative for partial diesel replacement in compression ignition (CI) engines. In this study, a light-duty commercial diesel engine was operated in par...
Diethyl Ether (DEE)
Diesel Engine
Partial Diesel Replacement
Compression Ignition (CI) Engines
Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC)
DEE-Diesel Blends
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Regulated Emissions
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
+12 more
Journal: Physics of Fluids
• August 2021
Various low-temperature combustion strategies (namely, homogeneous charge compression ignition, reactivity controlled compression ignition, and partially premixed charge compression ignition) have sho...
Low-Temperature Combustion
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI)
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
Low Octane Gasoline
Compression Ignition Engines
Engine Design Modifications
Combustion Chamber Geometry
In-Cylinder Flows
+20 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• August 2018
Natural gas has highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio among hydrocarbon fuels, which helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Blending natural gas with hydrogen decreases emissions even further because...
HCNG Mixtures
Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Hydrocarbons Emissions
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Knocking Characteristics
Engine Emissions
Compressed Natural Gas
+10 more
Journal: Environmental Pollution
• August 2018
Despite intensive research carried out on particulates, correlation between engine-out particulate emissions and adverse health effects is not well understood yet. Particulate emissions hold enormous...
Particulate Emissions
Engine-Out Particulate Emissions
Health Effects
Mega-Cities
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG Engine
Diesel Engines
Gasoline Engine
Euro-II
Euro-III
+18 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• August 2018
Direct injection spark ignition or gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are superior in terms of relatively higher thermal efficiency and power output compared to multipoint port fuel injection eng...
Gasohol Blends
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Particulate Emissions
Ethanol
Methanol
Butanol
Trace Metal Concentration
Particulate Mass Emissions
Raman Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
+18 more
Journal: Fuel
• August 2017
Diesel particulate are designated as ‘carcinogenic’. In this study, a novel approach has been adopted to determine the relationship between particle mass and particle number emissions from a four-cyli...
Diesel Particulates
Carcinogenic
Particle Mass
Particle Number Emissions
Biodiesel Blends
Karanja Biodiesel
Engine Operating Conditions
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Particle Size Concentrations
Particulate Emission Characterization
+14 more
Journal: Fuel
• August 2016
In this study, spark ignition of hydrogen enriched natural gas (HCNG), a fast emerging alternative gaseous fuel, was experimentally investigated in a suitably modified single cylinder spark ignition (...
Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HCNG)
Spark Ignition (SI) Engine
Port Fuel Injection
High Volume Flow Rate Solenoid Injector
Injector Control Unit
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
H/C Ratios
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
+9 more
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• August 2016
An experimental study was carried out for assessing noise, vibrations, combustion, and spray characteristics and associated correlations using a single cylinder compression ignition engine. Such engin...
Noise
Vibrations
Combustion Characteristics
Spray Characteristics
Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Genset
Agricultural Farm Machinery
Karanja Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel Blend (KB20)
Mineral Diesel
+16 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• August 2016
Natural gas is considered as one of the best alternate fuels because of its lower emissions and highest H/C ratio amongst hydrocarbons. Its usage requires minimum modifications in the existing engine...
Natural Gas
Alternate Fuels
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG
Compression Ignition Engine
Port Fuel Injection
Spark Ignition
HCNG Engine Technology
Online Mixing System
Mixture Composition
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• August 2014
For large-scale implementation of biodiesel in transportation engines, its effect on lubricating oil degradation needs to be experimentally investigated. Due to differences in chemical composition of...
Biodiesel
Lubricating Oil Degradation
Karanja Biodiesel Blend
KOME20
Tribology
Mineral Diesel
Engine Lubrication
Endurance Test
Oil Properties
Density Increase
+21 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• August 2013
Concerns about energy availability and pollutant emissions, such as oxides of nitrogen and particulates have driven concerted efforts toward the design of next generation internal combustion engines,...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Methane-Air Mixtures
Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Availability
Pollutant Emissions
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulates
Flame Kernel Development
Flame Visualization
+10 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• August 2011
To meet stringent vehicular exhaust emission norms worldwide, several exhaust pre-treatment and post-treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is a pre...
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Pre-Treatment Technique
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx Emissions
Diesel Engines
Soot Emissions
Engine Wear
Piston Rings
Engine Parts
+22 more
Journal: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
• August 2011
Studies conducted over the last decade have well established a direct relationship between deteriorating human health and diesel engine exhaust. Biodiesel has shown a lot of promise in terms of both i...
Diesel Engine Exhaust
Biodiesel
Combustion Efficiency
Harmful Emissions
Petroleum-Based Diesel
Particulate Matter
PM Emissions
Toxic Contaminants
Exhaust Comparison
Engine Wear
+19 more
Journal: Aerosol Science and Technology
• August 2009
This study was primarily focused on analyzing particulate matter coming out of engine exhaust from diesel and straight vegetable oils (SVO) for the following parameters: (1) Benzene soluble organic fr...
Particulate Matter
Engine Exhaust
Diesel
Straight Vegetable Oil
SVO
Compression Ignition Engine
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Metal Traces
Particulate Surface Morphology
+11 more
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• August 2007
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil...
Alternative Fuels
Environmental Awareness
Fossil Petroleum
Diesel Engines
Biodiesel
Transesterified Vegetable Oil
Methyl Esters
Bio-Origin Fuels
Engine Hardware
Performance Comparison
+27 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• August 2004
Several experimental studies have been conducted for evaluating coefficient of friction and wear in simulated engine conditions using a piston ring segment and a liner piece rubbing against each other...
Wear Evaluation
Engine Simulator
Piston Ring-Liner Interaction
Reciprocating Motion
Lubricated Conditions
Non-Firing Engine Simulator
Linear Speed
Stroke
Engine Load
Surface Texture
+11 more
Journal: Fuel
• April 2023
Amongst all low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion garners more debate from researchers because of its excellent combustion and perfo...
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Low-Temperature Combustion
Start Of Diesel Injection
Pilot Injection
Single Pilot Injection
Double Pilot Injection
Methanol Premixed Ratio
Combustion Phasing
Combustion Noise
+12 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• April 2022
In order to successfully cope with the trend of mitigating climate change as outlined in the recommendations of Paris (COP21) and Glasgow (COP26) Climate Agreements, propulsion technologies must be ab...
Hydrogen
Climate Change Mitigation
Paris Agreement
COP21
Glasgow Agreement
Personal Mobility
COP26
Propulsion Technologies
CO2 Reduction
Electric Powertrains
+24 more
Journal: Nature Communications
• April 2022
Battery-electric vehicles (BEV) have emerged as a favoured technology solution to mitigate transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many non-Annex 1 countries, including India. GHG mitigation poten...
Battery-Electric Vehicles
BEV
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
GHG Mitigation
India
Electrification
4-Wheelers
2-Wheelers
Electric Hybrids
Gasoline-Electric Hybrids
+12 more
Journal: Fuel
• April 2021
Laser-induced ignition could be the most promising alternative to conventional spark ignition, in order to reduce engine-out emissions. A single-cylinder naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct inje...
Laser-Induced Ignition
Spark Ignition
Diesel Engine
Supercharged Operation
Port Fuel Injection
Gaseous Fuels
Compressed Natural Gas
Hydrogen
HCNG Mixtures
Engine Emissions
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• April 2021
Biodiesel has emerged as a sustainable renewable transport fuel worldwide. This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and mineral diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically...
Biodiesel
B100
Mineral Diesel
Renewable Transport Fuel
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Diesel Engine
Vehicle Emissions
No-Load Engine Speed
Highway Driving Emissions
+22 more
Journal: Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
• April 2021
Transport is an essential requirement for the growth of any country. Transport of passengers and goods is vital to satisfy the mobility needs, commensurate with today’s lifestyle characterized by soci...
Indian Road Transport
Public Transport Infrastructure
Private Vehicle Growth
Fossil Fuel Consumption
Vehicular Pollution
Air Quality Deterioration
Respiratory Diseases
Transport Sector Challenges
Alternative Energy Resources
Advanced Vehicle Technology
+10 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2021
Petroleum products are used to power internal combustion engines (ICEs). Emissions and depletion of petroleum reserves are important questions that need to be answered to ensure existence of ICEs. Ind...
Petroleum Products
Internal Combustion Engines
Emissions Reduction
Petroleum Depletion
Indian Railways
Diesel Locomotives
Alternative Fuels
Methanol Fuel
Renewable Energy
Non-Renewable Resources
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2021
The rising concerns of emissions have put enormous strain on the automotive industry. Industry is, therefore looking for next-generation engines and advanced combustion technologies with ultra-low emi...
Emissions
Automotive Industry
Next-Generation Engines
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Ultra-Low Emissions
High Efficiency
Combustion Processes
Pollutant Formation
Internal Combustion (IC) Engines
In-Situ Measurement
+19 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2021
Mixture formation in GDI engine is considered crucial in determining combustion and emissions characteristics, which mainly depend on fuel spray quality. However, spray characteristics change with var...
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Mixture Formation
Combustion Characteristics
Emissions
Fuel Spray Quality
Spray Characteristics
Fuel Injection Parameters
Injection Strategy
Engine Operating Conditions
Fuel Properties
+22 more
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• April 2020
Fuel availability, global warming, and energy security are the three main driving forces, which determine suitability and long-term implementation potential of a renewable fuel for internal combustion...
Fuel Availability
Global Warming
Energy Security
Renewable Fuel
Internal Combustion Engines
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Particulate Characteristics
+16 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2020
Depleting fossil-fuels and increasing harmful emissions by the combustion of fossil fuels in IC engine is a matter of great concern. It is necessary to explore solutions complying with the prevailing...
Depleting Fossil Fuels
Harmful Emissions
Internal Combustion Engine
Emission Norm Compliance
Methanol Fuel
Primary Alcohols
Clean-Burning Fuel
High Octane Rating
Methanol Production
High Ash Coal
+25 more
Journal: Fuel
• April 2019
Diesel engines are the prime workhorses of global transport and agriculture sectors. However, they emit significantly higher quantities of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). This un...
Diesel Engines
Compression Ignition
NOx Emissions
Particulate Matter
High-Temperature Endoscopy
In-Situ Combustion Analysis
Temperature Distribution
Soot Formation
Emerging Fuels
Diesosene
+13 more
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• April 2017
Due to stricter emission legislations and rapid depletion of petroleum resources, research efforts are being made to explore advanced combustion concepts as well as alternative fuels for IC engines, i...
Hydrogen Fuel
Internal Combustion Engines (IC Engines)
Laser Ignition (LI)
Emission Legislations
Combustion Concepts
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Emissions
Particulate Number Concentration
Laser Pulse Energy (E)
Spark Timing (ST)
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering
• April 2016
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen are potential alternate fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines, which are capable of sustaining large part of global transportation system in future. Howe...
HCNG
CNG
Hydrogen
Internal Combustion Engines (ICE)
Spark Ignition (SI) Engines
Hydrogen Enriched CNG
Compression Ratio (CR)
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
+19 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
Fuel injection pressure (FIP) is one of the most important factors affecting diesel engine performance and particulate emissions. Higher FIP improves the fuel atomization, which results in lower soot...
Fuel Injection Pressure
Diesel Engine Performance
Particulate Emissions
Fuel Atomization
Soot Formation
Biodiesel Blends
KB20
KB40
Mineral Diesel
Macroscopic Spray Characteristics
+14 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
Biodiesel made from Jatropha oil by transesterification process has viscosity and other important physical properties comparable to mineral diesel hence it can be used as an alternate fuel in conventi...
Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Transesterification
Alternate Fuel
Diesel Engine
Fuel Atomization
Fuel-Air Mixing
Spray Characteristics
Phase Doppler Interferometry
PDI
+24 more
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• April 2016
Internal combustion engine research on alternative fuels has gained momentum because of growing awareness about energy security and environmental issues worldwide. Biodiesel offers an ideal solution t...
Internal Combustion Engine
Alternative Fuels
Energy Security
Environmental Issues
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Mineral Diesel
Fuel Injection Pressure
Spray Characterization
Spray Angle
+16 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
In this study, 3D air-flow-field evolution in a single cylinder optical research engine was determined using tomographic particle imaging velocimetry (TPIV) at different engine speeds. Two directional...
3D Air-Flow-Field
Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (TPIV)
Engine Speed
Flow-Field Reconstruction
MART Algorithm
Air-Flow Behavior
Combustion Chamber
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
In-Cylinder Airflow Characteristics
+13 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
The development of advanced gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector requires in-depth investigations of macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics. Over the years, GDI injectors have undergone...
Advanced Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Injector Development
Fuel Atomization
Fuel-Air Mixing
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Spray Characteristics
Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI)
Arithmetic Mean Diameter (AMD)
Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD)
Spray Droplet Velocity Distributions
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
Fuel-air mixing is the main parameter, which affects formation of NOx and PM during CI combustion. Hence better understanding of air-flow characteristics inside the combustion chamber of a diesel engi...
Here are the meta-keywords based on the abstract provided: Fuel-Air Mixing
CI Combustion
NOx
PM
In-Cylinder Air-Flow
Diesel Engine
Four-Valve Engine
Particle Imaging Velocimetry
High-Speed Imaging
Graphite Particles
+16 more
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• April 2015
Compression ignition (CI) engines are the most popular prime-movers for transportation sector as well as for stationary applications. Petroleum reserves are rapidly and continuously depleting at an al...
Compression Ignition Engines
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Emissions
Engine Performance
Air Pollution
Fossil Fuels
Global Warming
Environmental Impact
Renewable Energy
+18 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• April 2015
Amongst primary alcohols, butanol is considered as the most promising alternative fuel candidate because of its favourable chemical and physical properties, which are quite similar to gasoline. Butano...
Butanol
Gasoline Blends
Alternative Fuels
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Spark Ignition Engine
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Power Output
Torque
+15 more
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• April 2015
Agglomeration, coagulation, surface condensation, adsorption and oxidation processes are a part of particulate evolution process and lead to significant changes in characteristics of particulate matte...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Agglomeration
Coagulation
Surface Condensation
Adsorption
Oxidation Processes
Intake Air Temperature
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
+21 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2015
Use of biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oil as an alternative fuel to mineral diesel is attractive economically and environmentally. Diesel engines emit several harmful gaseous emissions and some o...
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
KB20 Blend
Non-Edible Vegetable Oil
Alternative Fuels
Mineral Diesel Replacement
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Sports Utility Vehicle Engine
SUV Engine
+30 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2015
High viscosity of vegetable oil causes ignition problems when used in compression ignition engines. There is a need to reduce the viscosity before using it as engine fuel. Preheating and pre-treating...
Vegetable Oil
High Viscosity
Ignition Problems
Compression Ignition Engine
Preheating
Pre-Treatment
Waste Heat Utilization
Alternative Fuel
Jatropha Oil
J20 Blend
+28 more
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• April 2014
A comparative morphological analysis was performed on the exhaust particles emitted from a common rail direct injection (CRDI) sports utility vehicle (SUV) engine for primary and aged particulates. In...
Comparative Morphological Analysis
Exhaust Particles
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Sports Utility Vehicle
SUV
Primary Particulates
Aged Particulates
Soot Particles
Mineral Diesel
+12 more
Journal: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
• April 2014
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are attracting attention as next-generation internal combustion engines mainly because of very low NOx and PM emission potential and excellent th...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Particulate Emissions
NOx Emission Reduction
PM Emissions
Thermal Efficiency
Modified Diesel Engine
Port Fuel Injection
Homogeneous Charge Preparation
Gasoline
Ethanol
+16 more
Journal: Renewable Energy
• April 2013
Vegetables oils are simplest route of biofuel utilization in direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engines however several operational and durability problems are encountered while using straig...
Vegetable Oils
Biofuels
Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI) Engines
Karanja Oil Blends
Mineral Diesel
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Thermal Efficiency
+9 more
Journal: Journal of Aerosol Science
• April 2013
Engine exhaust particulates undergo different processes in the ambient environment such as agglomeration, coagulation, surface condensation, adsorption, and oxidation before evolving as mature particl...
HCCI Engine
Diesel Vaporizer
Air-Fuel Ratio
EGR
In-Cylinder Temperature
Particulate Emissions
Trace Metals
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Particle Size Distribution
+19 more
Journal: Inhalation Toxicology
• April 2013
Toxicity of engine out emissions from primary and secondary aerosols has been a major cause of concern for human health and environmental impact. This study aims to evaluate comparative toxicity of na...
Engine Emissions
Toxicity
Primary Aerosols
Secondary Aerosols
Nanoparticles
CRDI Engine
Biodiesel Blend
B20
Mineral Diesel
Health Hazards
+14 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2013
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) offers great promise for excellent fuel economy and extremely low emissions of NOx and PM. HCCI combustion lacks direct control on the "start of combusti...
HCCI
Fuel Economy
Low Emissions
NOx
PM
Combustion Control
Auto Ignition
Engine Operating Conditions
Combustion Phasing
Load Control
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2013
Use of alternative fuels, and reduction of particulate and NOx emissions are major challenges for making diesel engines environmentally benign. Measures adopted for reducing gravimetric particulate em...
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Emissions
NOx Emissions
Diesel Engines
Particulate Number Concentration
Health Effects
Emission Norms
Fuel Injection Parameters
Fuel Injection Strategies
Pilot Injections
+12 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2013
Laser is emerging as a strong contender as an alternative ignition source for internal combustion (IC) engines. Short laser pulses of few nanoseconds duration delivered by a Q-switched laser are focus...
Laser Ignition
Internal Combustion Engines
Laser Spark Plug
Q-Switched Laser
Plasma Formation
Combustion Behavior
High-Speed Data Acquisition
CNG Fuel
Combustible Fuel-Air Mixture
Engine Performance
+14 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• April 2011
The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an alternative combustion concept for in reciprocating engines. The HCCI combustion engine offers significant benefits in terms of its high effici...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Combustion Concept
Reciprocating Engines
High Efficiency
Ultra Low Emissions
Port Injection
Homogeneous Charge
Ethanol-Fuelled Engine
Two-Cylinder Engine
+17 more
Journal: Applied Energy
• April 2011
Combustion in HCCI engines is a controlled auto ignition of well-mixed fuel, air and residual gas. Since onset of HCCI combustion depends on the auto ignition of fuel/air mixture, there is no direct c...
HCCI Combustion
Auto Ignition
Well-Mixed Fuel
Air
Residual Gas
Engine Load Variations
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations
Ethanol-Fuelled Engine
Two-Cylinder Engine
Port Injection
+15 more
Journal: Inhalation Toxicology
• April 2011
The diesel tailpipe emissions typically undergo substantial physical and chemical transformations while traveling through the tailpipe, which tend to modify the original characteristics of the diesel...
Diesel Tailpipe Emissions
Diesel Exhaust
Carcinogenic Potential
Diesel Particulate Matter
DPM
Health-Related Emissions
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Sports Utility Vehicle
SUV
+20 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2011
Due to the increasingly stricter emission legislations and growing demand for lower fuel consumption, there have been significant efforts to improve combustion efficiency, while satisfying the emissio...
HCCI Combustion
Emission Legislations
Fuel Consumption
Combustion Efficiency
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Gasoline Engines
Cyclic Variations
Ignition Timing
Charge Variables
Operating Range
+20 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2011
Mono alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oils or animal fats, also known as biodiesel are well positioned to replace mineral diesel. The ou...
Biodiesel
Mono Alkyl Esters
Fatty Acids
Renewable Lipid Feedstock
Vegetable Oils
Animal Fats
Oxidation Susceptibility
Thermal Instability
Free Fatty Acid Molecules
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
+26 more
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• April 2010
In the present experimental research work, rice-bran oil methyl ester (ROME) is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide catalyst. On the...
Rice-Bran Oil Methyl Ester
ROME
Transesterification
Methanol
Sodium Hydroxide Catalyst
Biodiesel Blends
B20
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
+23 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2009
The development of vehicles continues to be determined by increasingly stringent emissions standards including CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. To fulfill the simultaneous emission requirements for...
Vehicle Development
Emission Standards
CO2 Emissions
Fuel Consumption
Powertrains
Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI)
Gasoline Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Diesel Engines
Ignition Timing
+16 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2008
Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) is a non-toxic and biodegradable alternative fuel that is obtained from renewable sources. A major hurdle in the commercialization of biodiesel from virgin oil, in...
Biodiesel
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Non-toxic
Biodegradable
Renewable Sources
Cost of Production
Raw Material Cost
Waste Cooking Oils
Transesterification
Cooking/Frying By-products
+22 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2008
Vegetable oils are produced from numerous oil seed crops. While all vegetable oils have high energy content, most require some processing to assure safe use in internal combustion engines. Some of the...
Vegetable Oils
Oil Seed Crops
Energy Content
Internal Combustion Engines
Diesel Substitutes
Operational Problems
Durability
Viscosity
Volatility
Jatropha Oil
+17 more
Journal: Ceramics International
• April 2007
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a potential material for various biomedical applications. In the present study, an attempt has been made to synthesize this material using simpler and cheaper method of solid-s...
Hydroxyapatite
Biomedical Applications
Solid-State-Reaction
Sintering
X-ray Diffraction
Thermo-gravitometric Analysis
Differential Thermal Analysis
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Monetite Phase
Tri Calcium Phosphate
+15 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2005
This experimental study was undertaken to investigate the use of vegetable oil derivatives to substitute mineral diesel fuel. Straight vegetable oils pose some problems like injector coking, carbon de...
Vegetable Oil Derivatives
Mineral Diesel Substitution
Straight Vegetable Oils
Injector Coking
Carbon Deposits
High Viscosity
Low Volatility
Polyunsaturated Oils
Transesterified Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel
+20 more
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2005
Thermal loading of diesel engine pistons has increased dramatically in recent years due to applications of various advanced technologies to meet low emission and high power requirements. Control of pi...
Diesel Engine Pistons
Thermal Loading
Advanced Technologies
Engine Design
Oil Jet Cooling
Piston Temperature Control
Engine Seizure
Piston Warping
Mist Generation
Non-Tailpipe Emissions
+15 more
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• April 2001
Neat vegetable oils pose some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. These problems are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of the neat vegetab...
Biodiesel
Neat Vegetable Oils
Compression Ignition Engine
Transesterification
Viscosity
Low Volatility
Polyunsaturated Character
Diesel Oil
Density
Flash Point
+12 more
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