Avinash Kumar Agarwal
Director
at IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur)
📚 Director at IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur)
|
Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
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👤 About
Prof. Avinash Kumar Agarwal obtained his B.E. (Mech Engg., 1994) from MREC, Jaipur and M.Tech. (Energy, 1996) and Ph.D. (Energy, 1999) from IIT Delhi. After his Post-Doctoral Fellowship (1999 – 2001) at the ERC, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, he returned to India in 2001 and joined Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur as Assistant Professor, where he is serving as a SBI Endowed Chair Professor currently. He was a Visiting Professor to University of Loughborough, UK, Photonics Institute, University of Vienna, Austria, Hanyang University, South Korea and Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
At IIT Kanpur, Prof. Agarwal worked in the areas of IC engines, combustion, conventional fuels, alternative fuels, methanol fuelled engine development, hydrogen, fuel sprays, lubricating oil tribology, optical diagnostics, laser ignition, HCCI, particulate and emission control, and large bore engines. He has developed laser fired hydrogen and CNG engines in automotive sizes and developed the first electronic fuel injection system equipped locomotive engine for Indian Railways, which improved duty-cycle fuel economy and reduced particulate emissions substantially. Currently, Prof. Agarwal is involved in development of Methanol and DME fuelled vehicles for automotive sector. Prof. Agarwal has published more than 270 peer reviewed international journal and conference papers, 35 edited books, 63 books chapters and has 7600+ Scopus and 11900+ Google scholar citations. He is Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability and Associate Editor of Journal of Energy Resources Technology (Transactions of ASME), International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing and the Journal of the Institute of Engineers (Series C). He has edited “Handbook of Combustion” (5 Volumes; 3168 pages), published by Wiley VCH, Germany, which is the most updated compilation on combustion in the world.
Skills & Expertise
Teaching
Combustion
Automotive Instrumentation
CNG
Energy systems
DME
Hydrogen Production and Storage
Emissions Control
IC Engines
fuel systems
DME-fueled automotive engines
laser ignition systems
Internal Combustion Engine Design
Combustion Diagnostics
Methanol
Tribology of Lubricating Oils
Emission Control
Reduction Technologies
Optical Diagnostic Techniques
Fuel Spray Analysis
Injection Systems
Large Bore Engine Development
Electronic Fuel Injection System Design
Locomotive Engine Development
Academic Research and Publishing
Journal Editorial and Peer Review
International Collaboration in Research
Project Management in R&D
Advanced Energy Systems Research
Book Editing
Curriculum Development
Compilation
Technical Leadership
Industry-Academic Interface Expertise
Research Interests
Mechanical Engineering
Energy
Tribology
Internal Combustion Engines
Life Cycle Assessment
Biofuels
Alternative Fuels
Combustion
Emission Control
Hydrogen
Methanol Engines
Fuel Sprays
Optical Diagnostics in Combustion
Laser Ignition Technology
HCCI Engines
Particulate Emission Reduction
Locomotive Engine Development
Methanol
DME Fueled Vehicles
Energy Sustainability
Automotive Fuel Innovations
Energy Research
Laser-Fired Engines
IC Engine Research and Development
Automotive Sector Innovations
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Regulated/ Unregulated Emissions
Particulate Characterization and Control
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment using DOC/ DPF
Emission Toxicology
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI) Engines
Low-Temperature Combustion (HCCI/PCCI/RCCI) Engines
CNG
HCNG
Biodiesel
Ethanol
Butanol
Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Diethyl Ether (DEE)
Laser Ignition of Combustible Mixtures
Combustion Visualization Using Schlieren/ Shadowgraphy
Optical Diagnostics of Engine Combustion
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for In-Cylinder Flow Visualization
Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) for Dense Spray Characterization
Lubricating Oil Characterization and Tribology
Engine Simulation (1-D and 3-D)
Total Cost of Ownership Analysis
IC engine combustion
Homogeneous charge compression ignition
biofuels
hydrogen
hythane
gaseous
Laser diagnostic techniques
Laser ignition of fuel-air mixtures
Particle Imaging Velocimetry for flow visualization in IC engines
Phase Doppler Interferrometry for spray characterization
Lubricating oil tribology
Micro-sensors
Automotive emissions
Regulated and unregulated emissions
Particulates
secondary aerosols and toxicology
Connect With Me
💼 Experience
Director
IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur)
·
May 2024 -
Present
Visiting Professor
Photonics Institute, Technical University of Vienna (TU Wien)
·
July 2013 -
January 2025
Visiting Professor
Hanyang University (HYU), Seoul Campus
·
July 2012 -
January 2025
Visiting Professor
Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST)
·
October 2015 -
January 2025
Professor
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
·
May 2001 -
December 2024
Visiting Professor
Tshwane University of Technology (TUT)
·
May 2010 -
June 2010
Visiting Professor
Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering
·
May 2002 -
July 2002
Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship
Engine Research Center(ERC), University of Wisconsin–Madison
·
August 1999 -
February 2001
- August 1999- February 2001: Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at Engine Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA. The project involved developing an experimental test rig and microsensors, such as capacitance probes, fibre optic probes, miniaturized pressure transducers, etc. These sensors are employed inside the diesel engine combustion chamber to study lubricating oil consumption. US Army, Cummins Engines, and Lubrizol Corporation funded the project.
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Research Assistant
IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
·
July 1995 -
August 1999
🎓 Education
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Post-Doctoral Fellow in
Engine Research Center
· 2001
IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
Ph.D. in
IC Engines
· 1999
IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
M.Tech in
Energy Studies
· 1996
MNIT Jaipur (Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur)
B.E. in
Mechanical Engineering
· 1994
🚀 Projects
J C Bose Fellowship
Agency Name: Science & Engineering Research Boar ||
December 2019 - December 2024
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 95.00 Lakhs
Prototype Development and Experimental Investigations of CNG Fueled Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine
Agency Name: Indo-Korea International Cooperation Scientific Research, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi ||
June 2020 - June 2023
Development of Primary Alcohols Fueled Engine Prototype
Agency Name: Indo-Czech Cooperative Scientific Research, Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi ||
June 2020 - June 2023
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 43.26 Lakhs
Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC) and Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC) Engine Development Using Modified Piston And Variable Swirl Control Strategies
Agency Name: Science & Engineering Research Board (SUPRA) ||
March 2022 - March 2025
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 79.88 Lakhs
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Assessment for Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), Compressed Biogas (CBG) and Gasoline Fuelled Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) vis-a-vis Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)
Agency Name: New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) (Under the Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry), Government of Japan ||
December 2022 - February 2023
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 129 Lakhs
Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion and Utilisation of Gas in Agricultural Engines
Agency Name: Indo-French Centre for the Promotion of Advanced Research (CEFIPRA) ||
August 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 184.40 Lakhs
Methanol (M85) Fuelled Car Prototype Development and Field-Trials
Agency Name: Centre For High Technology (CHT), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas ||
July 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 1487 Lakhs
Biofuel production from carbon dioxide (CO2) and utilization in transport sector for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Agency Name: Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration ||
July 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 90.85 Lakhs
Prototype Development of Ultra-Efficient Green Gasoline Fueled Compression Ignition (GCI) Engine for Decarbonization of Transport Sector
Agency Name: Centre For High Technology (CHT), Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas ||
July 2023 - Present
Funded: Yes ||
Amount: 1083 Lakhs
🎤 Conferences & Seminars (10)
Technology Roadmap for DME/ Methanol Fuelled Vehicles in Indian Mega-Cities
Birla Institute of Technology And Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani) · Hyderabad,
Telangana, Country ·
December 2017
No descriptions
Technology Roadmap for DME/ Methanol Fuelled Vehicles in Indian Mega-Cities, Keynote Speech in 1st International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (INCOM 2018)
Jadavpur University · Kolkata,
West Bengal, Country ·
January 2018
No descriptions
Engine Exhaust Particulates: Characterization, Control Technologies, and Toxic Effects
Shiv Nader University, Delhi · Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
April 2018
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Green and Environment-Friendly Methanol Economy, Keynote Speech in 3rd International Conference on Powertrain Technology
International Centre for Automotive Technology, Manesar (ICAT, Manesar) · Gurgaon,
Haryana, Country ·
October 2018
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Internal Combustion Engines in a Green and Environment-Friendly Economy
IIT Roorkee (Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee) · Roorkee,
Uttarakhand, Country ·
October 2018
No descriptions
Future of the Internal Combustion Engines and Existential Threat from Battery Electric Vehicles?
Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, Delhi · Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
January 2022
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Green and environmental Friendly Methanol Economy
Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus · Vellore,
Tamil Nadu, Country ·
November 2022
No descriptions
Energy Transition to Methanol Economy for Transport Sector, Keynote Speech in Workshop Entitled "Change Management for the Energy Transition"
Indian Oil Corporation Limited · Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
November 2022
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Internal Combustion Engines in a Green and Environment-Friendly Methanol Economy, Keynote Talk in the Indo-French workshop on Clean And Sustainable Energy Technologies
CSIR-National Physical Laboratory · New Delhi,
Delhi, Country ·
February 2023
No descriptions
Future Prospects of Green and Environmental-Friendly Fuels for UAV Applications, Keynote Speech in the 10th Conference on Propulsion Technologies for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa · City ,
Haifa District, Country ·
February 2023
No descriptions
🏅 Certificates & Licenses (2)
SAE International awarded appreciation certificates
Event: SAE International awarded appreciation certificates ·
SAE World Congress · Issued on January 2005
Professional Competence (PE) Certification of Engineers
Event: Professional Competence (PE) Certification ·
National Committee Institution of Engineers (India) · Issued on January 2016
Member of National Committee Institution of Engineers (India) of Mechanical Engineering for Certification of Professional Competence (PE) Certification of Engineers (2016 – onwards)
🏆 Awards & Achievements (12)
🏆 NASI-Reliance Industries Platinum Jubilee Award for Application Oriented Innovations in Physical Sciences
Awarded by: National Academy of Sciences, Allahabad || Year:
2012
Description
🏆 Er. M P Baya National Award in Mechanical Engineering
Awarded by: Institution of Engineers, Udaipur Local Chapter. || Year:
2017
Description
🏆 Rajib Goyal Prize
Awarded by: Kurukshetra University || Year:
2015
Description
🏆 Clarivate Analytics India Research Excellence - Citation Award
Awarded by: Web of Science || Year:
2017
Description
🏆 India Citation Award
Awarded by: Clarivate Analytics, Web of Science, India || Year:
2018
Description
🏆 IITDAA- Outstanding Contributions to the National Development Award
Awarded by: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi || Year:
2023
Description
🏆 Distinguished Alumnus Award
Awarded by: Indian Institute of Technology Delhi || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 Distinguished Alumnus Award
Awarded by: Malviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur || Year:
2021
Description
🏆 State Bank of India Endowed Chair Professor
Awarded by: IIT Kanpur || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 SAE India Foundation Guru Award
Awarded by: SAE India || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 WSSET Innovation Award
Awarded by: Istanbul, Turkey || Year:
2022
Description
🏆 Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award
Awarded by: CSIR, Government of India by the Prime Minister of India Sh. Narendra Modi || Year:
2017
Description
👨🎓 Thesis Guided (10)
Combustion, Material Compatibility, and Engine Tribology Investigations in a Karanja Biodiesel Fuelled Turbocharged Diesel Engine
Name: Jaigopal Gupta || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Diesel Engine
Spray, Engine Combustion, Performance, Emissions, Vibrations and Acoustics Studies of Biodiesel and SVO Blends
Name: Chetan Patel || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Mode Switching Prototype Engine Development for Low-Temperature Combustion
Name: Akhilendra Pratap Singh || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Spray, Combustion, Emissions and Particulate Investigations of a Gasohol Fuelled Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
Name: Nikhil Sharma || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Acoustics, Vibrations, Performance, Combustion & Emissions Characterization of Diesohol Fuelled Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Name: Dev Prakash Satsangi || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Enhancement of Tribological Properties of Epoxy Composite Coatings for Engine Applications
Name: Vikram Kumar || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biofuels
Laser-Plasma Ignited Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas Engine Development and Experimental Evaluation
Name: Rajesh Kumar Prasad || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Biodiesel
Prototype Development of Spark Ignited Genset Engine Fuelled with Methanol-Gasoline Blends
Name: Krishn Chandra || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: Università Vanvitelli
Biofuels
Performance Evaluation and Emission Characteristics of A Compression Ignition Engine Using Esterified Biodiesel
Name: Self || Type:
M.sc Theisis || Status:
Institution: IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
Biodiesel
Performance Evaluation and Tribological Studies on A Biodiesel Fuelled Compression Ignition Engine
Name: Self || Type:
Ph.D. Thesis || Status:
Institution: IIT Delhi (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi)
Biodiesel
Professional Memberships (6)
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Member: Devendra Shukla Research Fellowship || Join dt:
-
Country: India
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Member: Poonam and Prabhu Goyal Endowed Chair Professor || Join dt:
2013 - 2016
Country: India
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur)
Member: SBI Endowed Chair Professor || Join dt:
2018 - 2021
Country: India
Institution of Engineers India
Member: Member || Join dt:
-
Country: India
Indian National Academy of Engineering (INAE)
Member: Fellow || Join dt:
2015 - 2015
Country: India
The Institution of Engineers (India), Udaipur (IEI)
Member: Member || Join dt:
2016 - Present
Country: India
💡 Patents (3)
FUEL VAPORIZER
Patent No. · Filed
May 2014 · Issued on May 2015
Inventors: Dr Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Akhilendra Pratap Singh || Category:
Chemical Science
description
BIODIESEL PLANT FOR CONVERSION OF VEGETABLE OIL TO BIODIESEL AND A PROCESS THEREOF
Patent No. 267538 · Filed
February 2008 · Issued on July 2015
Inventors: Dr Avinash Kumar Agarwal || Category:
Chemistry
description
Design of an integrated system for Using Straight Vegetable Oils as Fuels for Diesel Engines
Patent No. 269719 · Filed
March 2006 · Issued on November 2015
Inventors: Dr Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Deepak Agarwal || Category:
Engineering
description
✉️ Invited Position (3)
Transformational Research by Prof Agarwal IIT Kanpur
Organization Name:
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) || Country:
India
From 2022 -
2022
NPTEL videos on Fundamental of IC Engines (UG Level)
Organization Name:
IIT Kanpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur) || Country:
India
From 2019 -
2019
propels towards new heights of excellence and innovation under his visionary leadership
Organization Name:
IIT Jodhpur (Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur) || Country:
India
From 2024 -
2024
📖 Role in Research Journals (7)
Associate Editor
Journal: Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C || Publisher
Name: The Institution of Engineers (India)
JIE:SC
Reviewer
Journal: Frontiers in Mechanical Engineering || Publisher
Name: Frontiers Media SA
FME
Editorial Board Member
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering || Publisher
Name: Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) & SAGE Publications
JAE
Associate Editor
Journal: ASME Open Journal of Engineering || Publisher
Name: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers
AOJE
Editor-in-Chief
Journal: Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability || Publisher
Name:
JEES
Editorial Board Member
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research || Publisher
Name: SAGE Publications
IJER
Editor
Journal: Fuel || Publisher
Name: Elsevier Ltd.
Fuel
Add New Journal
📚 Publications (274)
Journal: Fuel
• September 2022
Primary alcohols are emerging as promising alternative fuels for diesel engines. Dual-fuel engine operation with port injection (fumigation) of methanol has emerged as a novel concept for simultaneous...
Primary Alcohols
Alternative Fuels
Diesel Engines
Dual-Fuel Engine Operation
Port Injection
Fumigation
Methanol
Particulate Matter
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
Intake Air Preheating
Agricultural Diesel Engines
Methanol Premixing Ratio
Engine Speed
Intake Temperature
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
BMEP
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
In-Cylinder Pressure
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Nitric Oxide
Methanol-Diesel Dual-Fuel
Energy Conversion
Cooling Effect
Combustion Duration
Optimisation
Agricultural Sector
Journal: Fuel
• September 2022
Dimethyl Ether (DME) has emerged as a suitable alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. It is expected to be substitute fossil diesel on a large scale due to its favourable combustion c...
Dimethyl Ether
DME
Compression Ignition Engine
CI Engine
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Water-Cooled Engine
Agricultural Sector
Off-Road Vehicles
Fuel Injection Equipment
FIE
Modified Fuel Injection Equipment
NOx Emissions
Soot Emissions
UHC
CO
VOC
Ignition Delay
Peak Firing Temperature
Lower Calorific Value
Specific Fuel Consumption
Unregulated Emissions
Formaldehyde
Hydrogen Peroxide
Methane
Ethylene
Acetylene
Engine Performance
Injection Pressure
Nozzle Holes
Mean Effective Injection Pressure
MEIP
Thermally Efficient Engines
Cleaner Engines
Off-Highway Vehicles
Journal: Fuel
• September 2022
The Methanol Economy is projected as a sustainable solution to the impending global energy crisis. Methanol and Dimethyl Ether (DME) are projected as exceptional alternative fuel solutions to power fu...
Methanol Economy
Dimethyl Ether
DME Fuel
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engines
Sustainable Mobility
Computational Fluid Dynamics
3D CFD Simulation
Fuel Injection Equipment
Compression Ignition Engine
Diesel Replacement
Off-Highway Applications
Spray Characteristics
Evaporation Rate
Fuel-Rich Pockets
Thermal Efficiency
Turbulence Kinetic Energy
Heat Transfer Reduction
Swirl Momentum
Swirl Ratio
Mean Effective Injection Pressure
Nozzle Through Flow
Spray Penetration
Clean Combustion
Sustainable Transport
Renewable Fuels
Energy Crisis Solution
Diesel Combustion Calibration
Detailed Chemistry Solver
Green Transportation
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• September 2022
Particulates from compression ignition (CI) engines have received serious attention in the last two decades. CI engines emit higher particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) than spark ignitio...
Particulate Matter Emissions
Compression Ignition Engine
Diesel Particulates
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Soot Morphology
Chemical Characterization
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Soluble Organic Fraction
Trace Metals
Health Impact
Environmental Impact
Diesel Combustion
Soot Formation
Micro and Nano-Scale Characteristics
Low-Temperature Combustion
Oxygenated Fuels
Nucleation Mode Particles
High-Reactivity Soot
Lubricating Oil Effects
Engine Operating Conditions
Biodiesel Particulates
Mutagenicity
Carcinogenicity
Nitro-PAHs
Transient Engine Operations
Steady-State Engine Operations
Particulate Emission Reduction
Clustered Aggregates
Active Research
Fuel Composition Effects
Journal: Environmental Pollution
• September 2021
In this experimental study, particulate matter (PM) characterizations of different low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been compared with conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion...
Particulate Matter
PM Characterization
Low-Temperature Combustion
LTC Strategies
Compression Ignition
CI Combustion
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI
Sustainable Transport
Diesel Engine
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
BMEP
Fuel Injection Pressure
Fuel Injection Timing
Number of Injections
Start of Injection
Methanol
High Reactivity Fuel
Low Reactivity Fuel
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Accumulation Mode Particles
AMP
Nucleation Mode Particles
NMP
Particle Size Distribution
Trace Metal Emissions
PM and NOx Trade-off
NOx Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Sustainable Transport Solutions
Operational Parameters of a Diesel Engine Running on Diesel–Rapeseed Oil–Methanol–Iso-Butanol Blends
Journal: Energies
• September 2021
This contribution focuses on utilizing blended biofuels of rapeseed oil and methanol with diesel. Rapeseed is one of the most cultivated energy crops in Europe, and its purpose in the blends is to inc...
Biofuels
Rapeseed Oil
Methanol
Diesel Blends
Iso-Butanol
Fuel Blending
Bio-Content
Viscosity Compensation
Fuel Performance
Engine Efficiency
Turbocharged Diesel Engine
Soot Particles
Emissions Analysis
NOx Emissions
Soot Particle Size
Engine Load
Power Output
Engine Testing
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Agricultural Biofuels
Renewable Energy
Diesel Replacement
Fuel Properties
Sustainable Fuels
Journal: Fuel
• September 2020
Due to the higher octane rating of alcohols, they can be used in gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines at relatively higher compression ratios. However, relatively higher particulate matter (PM) emi...
Dual-Fuel Injection
Alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
Combustion
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Particulate Matter (PM)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Nanoparticles (NP)
Premixed Ratios
Energy Replacement
Engine Speed
Engine Load
Emission Reduction
PM Number
PM Mass
Emission Reduction Strategy
Dual-Fuel Operation
GDI Engine Optimization
Journal: Fuel
• September 2020
In this experimental study, a prototype laser ignited engine was developed and fuelled with hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG; mixture of H2 and CNG). Engine performance, emissions and co...
Laser Ignition (LI)
Spark Ignition (SI)
Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG)
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Maximum Brake Torque (MBT) Timing
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations (CCV)
Mixture Composition
H2 Enrichment
Engine Efficiency
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP)
Mass Fraction Burn (MFB)
Coefficient of Variation (COVIMEP)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Optimum Torque
Lean Mixtures
Ignition Timing
Engine Combustion Optimization
HCNG Engine
Emission Reduction
Laser Ignition Technology
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2020
This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and baseline mineral diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically assess different aspects of biodiesel’s compatibility and durabili...
Biodiesel
B100
Mineral Diesel
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Vehicle Field Trial
Wear Analysis
Cylinder Liner
Piston Rings
Surface Microstructure
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEM
Engine Durability
Fuel-Filter Plugging
Injector Coking
Piston-Ring Sticking
Carbon Deposits
Combustion Chamber
Lubricating Oil Contamination
Engine Tear-Down
Biodiesel Compatibility
Engine Performance
Long-Term Use
Biodiesel Durability
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2020
This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and baseline diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically assess different aspects of biodiesel’s compatibility with modern common r...
Biodiesel
B100
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Diesel Engine
Lubricating Oil Degradation
Wear Analysis
Long-Term Usage
Highway Field Trial
Lubricating Oil Properties
Viscosity Reduction
Density Reduction
Soot Content
Total Base Number
Ash Content
Trace Metal Concentration
Thermal Stability
Carbon Residue
Wear Debris
Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis
Lubricating Oil Condition Monitoring
Biodiesel Compatibility
Mineral Diesel
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Energy
Sustainable Transportation
Engine Durability
Biodiesel Specifications
Emission Reduction
Clean Combustion
Vegetable Oil-Based Fuels
Journal: Energy
• September 2019
This study investigates the influence of biodiesels on combustion and emission characteristics in a common-rail equipped small-bore single-cylinder diesel engine. The engine experiments were performed...
Biodiesel
Waste-Cooking-Oil
Jatropha-Oil
Karanja-Oil
Combustion Characteristics
Emissions
Common-Rail Diesel Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure
Fuel Injection Timing
Ignition Delay
Cetane Number
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx Emissions
In-Cylinder Pressure
Smoke Emissions
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
Fuel Atomization
Air-Fuel Mixing
Incomplete Combustion
Biodiesel Performance
Engine Optimization
Diesel Engine Efficiency
Alternative Fuels
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2018
Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is a novel combustion concept, which reduces oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions simultaneously. However, PCCI combust...
PCCI Combustion
NOx Emissions
PM Emissions
Hybrid Combustion Engine
Compression Ignition
Engine Control Unit
Fuel Injection Parameters
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Engine Performance
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Unregulated Emissions
Sulfur Dioxide
Formaldehyde
Aromatic Compounds
Particulate Emissions
Accumulation Mode Particles
Particulate Size Distribution
Mode Switching
Automotive Sector
Production-Grade Engines
Engine Load
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
Emission Characteristics
Toxicity
Exhaust Gas Analysis
Journal: Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces
• September 2018
In our earlier study, epoxy-based composites with graphene (10 wt-%) and in situ liquid fillers (base oil SN150 or perfluoropolyether at 10 wt-%) were found to provide low friction and highly wear dur...
Epoxy-Based Composites
Graphene Composites
In Situ Liquid Fillers
Base Oil SN150
Perfluoropolyether
Low Friction Coating
Wear Durable Coating
Steel Substrate Coatings
Dry Interfacial State
External Lubrication
Coefficient of Friction
Specific Wear Rate
Sliding Cycles Durability
Polymeric Coatings
Boundary Film Performance
Dry and Lubricated Conditions
Bearing Applications
Tribological Performance
Surface Coatings
Lubricated Friction Reduction
Wear Resistance
Advanced Composite Materials
Industrial Lubrication
Coating Failure Resistance
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• September 2017
Main challenge for mineral diesel in achieving low-temperature combustion is its poor volatility characteristics, which results in relatively inferior fuel–air mixtures. In this experimental study, fe...
Mineral Diesel
Premixed Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (PHCCI)
Fuel Vaporizer
External Charge Preparation
Fuel-Airs Mixing
Additives
Low-Volatility Fuels
High-Cetane Fuels
Kerosene
Ethanol
Gasoline
Biodiesel
Intake Charge Temperature (Ti)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Combustion Phasing
Heat Release Rate
Knocking
Engine Load
Engine Performance
Diesoline
Diesosene
B20
Indicated Specific Fuel Consumption (ISFC)
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
NOx Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Volatile Additives
Nanoparticles
Optimized Ti
Engine Operating Window
Fuel-Properties Effects
Journal: Physics of Fluids
• September 2017
For improving the in-cylinder flow characteristics of intake air/charge and for strengthening the turbulence intensity, specific intake port geometries have shown significant potential in compression...
Intake Port Geometries
In-Cylinder Flow Characteristics
Turbulence Intensity
Compression Ignition Engines
Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (TPIV)
Swirl Port Open (SPO)
Tangential Port Open (TPO)
Both Port Open (BPO)
Air-Flow Characteristics
Volumetric Section
Intake and Exhaust Valves
Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
Crank Angle Resolution
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
Air Velocity
Vorticity
Average Absolute Velocity
Turbulent Kinetic Energy
Flow-Field Analysis
Swirl Port
Tangential Port
Flow Energy Dissipation
Combustion Characteristics
Particulate Emissions
Thermal Cylinder Head Configuration
Superior Combustion
Particulate Emission Comparison
Experimental Verification
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• September 2016
Compression ignition (CI) engines are facing strong restrictive emission norms globally, which demand extremely low oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Homogeneous charge c...
Compression Ignition Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Emission Norms
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Particulate Matter (PM)
Test Fuels
Diesoline
Diesohol
Diesosene
Baseline Diesel
Fuel Vaporizer
Intake Charge Temperature
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Load
Knocking Tendency
Hydrocarbon (HC)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Smoke Opacity
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS)
Particle Number-Size Distribution
Ultrafine Particles
Volatile Fuel Components
Exhaust Particulates
Journal: Applied Energy
• September 2015
Gasoline is increasingly blended with primary alcohols globally, in order to ensure energy security and to reduce local and global pollution load. However, no systematic scientific study reporting unr...
Gasoline Blends
Gasohol
Alcohol Blends
Unregulated Emissions
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends
Gasoline-Methanol Blends
Emission Analysis
Spark Ignition Engine
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analyzer
Regulated Emissions
Exhaust Gas Emission Analyzer
Formic Acid
Iso-Butane
Iso-Pentane
Ethyl Alcohol
Formaldehyde
Propane
Iso-Butylene
Toluene
Benzene
Methanol
Acetaldehyde
CO2 Emissions
Emission Reduction
E5
E15
M5
M15
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• September 2015
Energy demand and emission norms are forcing automotive researchers to explore superior fuels and develop new combustion technologies to comply with stringent emission norms being adopted worldwide an...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen Fuel
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Compression Ratio
Internal Combustion Engine
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Laser Ignition System
Spark Plug Elimination
Hydrogen Engine
Port-Fuel Injection
Octane Number
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Prototype Engine
High Compression Ratios
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Emission Norms
IC Engine Technology
Journal: Tribology - Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces
• September 2015
Industrial lubricants are invariably used with additives (with high sulfur and phosphorous contents) for tribological performance enhancement. However, these additives are environmentally very harmful...
Epoxy
Graphene
Polymer Composite Coatings
Tribological Performance
Industrial Lubricants
Additives
Environmental Impact
Steel Surfaces
Graphite Powder
Friction
Wear
Lubricated Conditions
Dry Conditions
Base Oil
Coefficient of Friction
Wear Life
Ball-on-Cylinder Tribometer
Normal Loads
Sliding Speed
Nanoparticles
Tribological Properties
Lubricant Enhancement
Eco-friendly Lubricants
Journal: Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability
• September 2015
Due to increasing number of alternative fuels and strict emission norms globally, extensive experimental investigations are being conducted for understanding and improving fuel sprays and combustion o...
Alternative Fuels
Emission Norms
Fuel Sprays
Combustion Characteristics
Internal Combustion Engines
Advanced Fuel Injection Equipment
In-Cylinder Processes
Combustion Efficiency
Pollutant Emissions Reduction
Combustion Diagnostics
Pollutant Formation Mechanisms
Optical Diagnostic Techniques
Endoscopic Optical Visualization
Engine Endoscopy
Spray Visualization
Combustion Visualization
Optical Engine Research
Automotive R&D
Optical Measurement Techniques
Engine Development
Fuel Injection Optimization
Emission Control Strategies
Optical Combustion Analysis
Automotive Industry Research
Journal: Fuel
• September 2013
For a diesel engine, fuel injection pressure (FIP) and injection timings are very important parameters, which influence the engine performance, emissions, and combustion. Other injection parameters af...
Diesel Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Injection Timings
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion
Rate of Injection
Injection Pattern
Start of Injection (SOI)
Cylinder Pressure
Rate of Heat Release (ROHR)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions
Hydrocarbon (HC) Emissions
Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Emissions
Particulate Number-Size Distribution
Engine Load
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• September 2012
A large-bore, four-stroke, medium-speed, compression-ignition railway traction locomotive engine was fueled with cottonseed methyl ester (Biodiesel). The cottonseed methyl ester was stored for 6 month...
Biodiesel
Cottonseed Methyl Ester
Railway Traction Engine
Compression-Ignition
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Thermal Efficiency
Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption
Nitrogen Oxides
Particulate Matter
Injection Timings
Fuel Injection Pressure
Fuel Properties
In-Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Cumulative Heat Release
Needle Lift
Fuel Injection Velocities
Oxygen/Carbon Ratio
Fuel Blend
Calorific Value
Brake-Specific Energy Consumption
Diesel Alternatives
Locomotive Engines
Emission Reduction
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• September 2012
Diesel engines are very efficient prime movers in their power range. Fuel is directly injected into the combustion chamber. Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines are highly influe...
**Diesel Engines
Compression Ignition Engines
Fuel Spray Parameters
Fuel Atomization
Alternative Fuels
Emission Regulations
Combustion Optimization
Optical Spray Visualization
Macroscopic Spray Characteristics
Karanja Oil Biodiesel
Diesel Blends
Spray Tip Penetration
Spray Cone Angle
Spray Area
Combustion Chamber Pressure
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
Fuel Injection Pressure
Ambient Pressure Effects
Spray Atomization
Alternative Fuel Performance
Journal: Fuel
• September 2010
This study was carried out to characterize the engine-exhaust particulate emissions from a typical multipoint port fuel injection gasoline engine used in transportation sector. Though gasoline engine...
Engine-Exhaust Particulate Emissions
Multipoint Port Fuel Injection
Gasoline Engine
Transportation Sector
Tailpipe Emissions
Particle Concentrations
Mineral Diesel
High Engine Loads
Particle Size Distribution
Peak Particle Concentrations
Diesel Exhaust
Gasoline Exhaust
Operating Conditions
Stoichiometric Ratio
Engine Performance
Particulate Number Distribution
High Engine Load
Engine Speed
Emission Comparison
Journal: International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology
• September 2009
Biodiesel has been receiving increasing attention due to its renewable nature, lower pollution potential and green house gas benefit compared to mineral diesel. There are numerous factors, which affec...
Biodiesel
Renewable Energy
Pollution Reduction
Greenhouse Gas Benefits
Mineral Diesel
Transesterification Process
Reaction Temperature
Molar Ratio
Alcohol to Oil
Catalyst Concentration
Stirring Speed
Reaction Time
Vegetable Oils
Free Fatty Acid Content
Karanja Oil
Non-Edible Oil
Tree-Borne Oil
Biodiesel Production
Methyl Esters
Methanol
Optimized Reaction Conditions
Biodiesel Yield
Karanja Oil Biodiesel
Experimental Investigation
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• September 2007
The scarce and rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from trigl...
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engines
Triglycerides
Vegetable Oils
Animal Fats
Fossil Fuels
CO2 Emissions
Import Substitution
Operational Issues
Durability
Viscosity
Volatility
Jatropha Oil
Fuel Temperature
Exhaust Gas Waste Heat
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Diesel Engine
Blends
Diesel Performance
Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Smoke Opacity
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
Single Cylinder Engine
Four Stroke Engine
Direct Injection
Agricultural Sector
Preheated Jatropha Oil
Fuel Blends
Performance Evaluation
Emissions Comparison
Journal: Atmospheric Environment
• September 2006
This study was set out to characterize particulate emissions from diesel engines fuelled by (i) mineral diesel and (ii) B20 (a blend of 20% biodiesel with diesel); in terms of metals and benzene solub...
Particulate Emissions
Diesel Engines
Mineral Diesel
B20
Biodiesel Blend
Metal Content
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Toxicity
Carcinogenicity
Medium Duty Diesel Engine
Mahindra MDI 3000
Load Conditions
Particulate Collection
Dilution Tunnel
Metal Analysis
Lubricating Oil
Emission Reduction
Fuel Impact
Exhaust Emissions
Cd
Pb
Na
Ni
Fe
Cr
Zn
Mg
Aromatic Compounds
Sulphur
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Emission Comparison
Fuel Characterization
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• September 2005
This experimental investigation was aimed to investigate the effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on wear of in-cylinder engine parts. EGR setup was prepared for a two-cylinder, air-cooled, const...
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
In-Cylinder Engine Parts
Wear Investigation
Engine Wear
Metallic Wear Debris
Lubricating Oil
EGR Rate
Piston Rings
Cylinder Liners
Wear Metals
Surface Roughness
Surface Profiles
Scanning Electron Micrographs
Thrust Side
Anti-Thrust Side
Engine Operating Phases
Wear Quantification
Weight Loss
Cylinder Wear
Wear Debris Analysis
Journal: Applied Energy
• October 2022
Diesel engine injection strategy plays a crucial role in fuel–air mixing and consequent soot formation, requiring optimisation. Fuel properties affect the combustion characteristics of the engine sign...
Diesel Engine
Injection Strategy
Fuel-Air Mixing
Soot Formation
Combustion Optimization
Fuel Properties
Optical Diagnostics
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Optical Engine
Single-Cylinder Engine
SCORE
Cylindrical Piston Bowl
Re-Entrant Piston Geometry
Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes
RNG k-ε Model
CONVERGE CFD
SAGE Chemistry Solver
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Pilot Injection
Main Injection
Swirl Intensity
Spray Jet Interaction
Radial Mixing
Soot Reduction
Oxygenated Fuels
Dieseline
Diesohol
Nitrogen Oxides Reduction
NOx Emissions
Combustion Kinetics
Swirl Optimization
Engine Emissions
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• October 2022
Primary alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and butanol have exhibited excellent potential as possible alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engines because they are renewable, cleaner, and safer...
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Primary Alcohols
Alternative Fuels
Spark Ignition Engine
Multi-Point Port Fuel Injection
MPFI System
Gasohol
Gasoline Blends
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Carbon Monoxide Reduction
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions
Ammonia Emissions
Saturated Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Fossil Fuel Displacement
Clean Combustion
Renewable Fuels
Sustainable Transport
Alcohol-Gasoline Blends
Methanol-Gasoline Blend
Ethanol-Gasoline Blend
Butanol-Gasoline Blend
Engine Load
Rated Engine Speed
Journal: Fuel
• October 2021
Stricter emission norms, scarce availability of conventional fuel resources, and moderate engine efficiency are primary concerns for both spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI) engines. The...
Stricter Emission Norms
Conventional Fuel Scarcity
Engine Efficiency
Low-Temperature Combustion
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Mode Combustion
Exhaust Emissions
NOx Reduction
Particulate Matter Reduction
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Spark Ignition
Compression Ignition
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Gasoline
Mineral Diesel
Low Reactivity Fuel
High Reactivity Fuel
Premixed Ratio
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Start of Combustion
Combustion Phasing
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Particulate Mass
Soot Reduction
Total Particulate Mass
NOx-PM Trade-Off
Advanced Combustion Strategies
Alternative Fuels
Journal: Fuel
• October 2021
Laser ignition of hydrogen-enriched compressed natural gas (HCNG) enables lean-burn combustion, a key technology for future emissions norms compliance for internal combustion (IC) engines. HCNG overco...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG
Lean-Burn Combustion
Internal Combustion Engine
Emission Norms Compliance
Spark Ignition Engine
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Beam Profile
Beam Quality
Pulse Duration
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
CVCC
Air-Fuel Ratio
Lean Flammability Limit
Hydrogen Enrichment
Flame Kernel Evolution
Pressure-Time History
Start Of Combustion
SoC
Chamber Filling Pressure
Knocking
Two-Stage Combustion
Combustion Duration
CD
Flame Kernel Displacement
Volumetric Combustion
Optical Diagnostics
Schlieren Imaging
Journal: Fuel
• October 2020
In this study, different diesel-alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and butanol) blends termed as ‘diesohols’ were used to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a modern common rail dire...
Diesohols
Diesel-Alcohol Blends
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
CRDI Engine
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Particulate Matter
PM
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Engine Loads
Engine Speeds
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
Unregulated Emission Species
Isocyanic Acid
HNCO
Formaldehyde
Sulfur Dioxide
SO2
Nitrogen Oxide
NO
Alcohol Blending
Performance Improvement
Exhaust Emission Reduction
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• October 2019
Miscibility of methanol in mineral diesel and stability of methanol–diesel blends are the main obstacles faced in the utilization of methanol in compression ignition engines. In this experimental stud...
Methanol
Mineral Diesel
Methanol-Diesel Blends
MD10
MD15
Compression Ignition Engine
Combustion
Engine Performance
Emissions
Particulate Characteristics
1-Dodecanol
Fuel Additive
NOx Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Thermal Efficiency
Engine Stability
Fuel Miscibility
Diesel Engine Optimization
Additive Stabilization
Emission Reduction
Renewable Fuels
Engine Combustion Improvement
Environmental Impact
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• October 2018
Fuel injection parameters such as fuel injection pressure (FIP) and start of main injection (SoMI) timings significantly affect the performance and emission characteristics of a common rail direct inj...
Fuel Injection Parameters
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Start of Main Injection (SoMI) Timing
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Particulate Emissions
Particulate Morphology
Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Single Cylinder Engine
Biodiesel Blends
B20 (20% v/v Biodiesel)
B40 (40% v/v Biodiesel)
Mineral Diesel
Combustion
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Rate of Pressure Rise (RoPR)
Combustion Noise
Smoke Opacity
Particulate Number Concentration
Trace Metals
In-Cylinder Pressure
Combustion Duration
Pilot Injection
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
NOx Emissions
Toxicity
Environmentally Benign
Journal: Renewable Energy
• October 2016
Vegetable oil based emulsified fuels have emerged as an attractive option for existing diesel engines. The issues such as higher viscosity and exhaust emissions such as oxides of nitrogen (NOX), parti...
Vegetable Oil Emulsions
Emulsified Fuels
Diesel Engine Fuels
Straight Vegetable Oils
Jatropha Oil
Karanja Oil
Methanol Emulsions
NOx Reduction
Particulate Matter Reduction
PM-NOx Trade-Off
Alternative Fuels
Fuel Viscosity
Emulsion Stability
Surfactant Span 80
Sorbitan Monooleate
Mechanical Stirring
Surfactant Concentration
Stirring Speed
Stirring Duration
Fuel Properties
Mineral Diesel Comparison
Diesel Blends
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Methanol Concentration
Renewable Fuels
Sustainable Combustion
Low-Emission Fuels
Biofuel Optimization
Green Energy Solutions
Clean Diesel Technology
Biodiesel Alternatives
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• October 2016
A variety of research studies have been investigating the compatibility of primary alcohols as alternative fuels for diesel engines, in view of depleting crude oil reserves and resulting environmental...
Diesel Engine
Diesohol
Diesel-Alcohol Blends
E20
M20
Alternative Fuels
Primary Alcohols
Crude Oil Depletion
Environmental Degradation
Pollutant Formation
Soot
NOx Emissions
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment
Optical Diagnostics
High-Temperature Industrial Endoscopy
In-Situ Combustion Analysis
Single Cylinder Engine
In-Cylinder Combustion Imaging
Endoscopic System
Spatial Soot Distribution
Flame Temperature Distribution
R Intensity Values
Correlated Color Temperature
CCT Method
Image Distortion Correction
Soot Radiation
Combustion Chamber Analysis
Emission Reduction
Sustainable Fuels
Renewable Energy
Cleaner Combustion
Flame Visualization
Real-Time Diagnostics
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• October 2016
In this study, macroscopic spray characteristics of Waste cooking oil (WCO), Jatropha oil, Karanja oil based biodiesels and baseline diesel were compared under simulated engine operating condition in...
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Baseline Diesel
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
High Pressure Injection
High Temperature Combustion
Common-Rail Injection System
Mie-Scattering Technique
Liquid Tip Penetration
Spray Cone Angle
Spray Area
Equivalence Ratio
Fuel Atomization
Evaporation Process
Biodiesel Density
Biodiesel Viscosity
Oxygen Content In Biodiesel
Diesel Engine Simulation
Alternative Fuels
Journal: Applied Energy
• October 2015
Superior spray behavior of fuels in internal combustion engines lead to improved combustion and emission characteristics therefore it is necessary to investigate fuel spray behavior of new alternative...
Fuel Spray Behavior
Internal Combustion Engines
Combustion Improvement
Emission Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Numerical Simulation
In-Nozzle Orifice Parameters
Spray Parameters
Constant-Volume Spray Chamber
Mineral Diesel
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Atomization
Evaporation Behavior
Nozzle-Hole Design
Engine Combustion Chamber
Simulation-Experimental Comparison
Fuel Spray Characteristics
Journal: Applied Energy
• October 2014
In this paper, effect of varying fuel injection pressures and injection timings on particulate size number distribution and spray characteristics was investigated in a single cylinder, common rail dir...
Fuel Injection Pressure
Injection Timing
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Spray Characteristics
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Compression Ignition
CI Engine
Karanja Biodiesel Blends
Mineral Diesel
Spray Tip Penetration
Spray Area
Start of Injection
SOI
Fuel Injection Parameters
Engine Speed
Particulate Emissions
Biodiesel Blends
Particulate Number Concentration
Retarded Injection Timing
Soot Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Energy
Combustion Efficiency
Emission Reduction
Spray Dynamics
Fuel Atomization
Biodiesel Combustion
Sustainable Transportation
Journal: Fuel
• October 2014
For large-scale and reliable implementation of biodiesel in transportation engines, its effects on engine wear and engine durability upon prolonged usage needs to be experimentally investigated. There...
Engine Wear
Engine Durability
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel Blend
KOME20
Engine Components
Carbon Deposits
Compression Ignition
DICI Engine
Endurance Test
Engine Performance
Valve Wear
Piston Wear
Cylinder Head
Injector Tip
Wear Analysis
Piston Rings
Liners
Bearings
Connecting Rods
Crank Pins
Surface Texture
Cylinder Liners
Long-Term Durability
Operational Problems
Engine Reliability
Alternative Fuels
Prolonged Usage
Renewable Energy
Sustainable Transportation
Biodiesel Fuelled Engine
Journal: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science
• October 2012
The spray characteristics of the fuel greatly influence emissions from diesel engines. Spray development plays an important role in improving the combustion and emission characteristics of a fuel beca...
Ambient Pressure
Spray Characteristics
Diesel Engines
Fuel Injection
Spray Tip Penetration
Cone Angle
Spray Area
Fuel Density
Karanja Biodiesel
Diesel
Fuel Blends
Spray Visualization
Image Processing
Combustion
Emission Characteristics
Fuel Viscosity
Fuel Composition
Fuel-Air Mixture
Macro-Analysis
Karanja Biodiesel Blends
Engine Efficiency
Journal: Optics and Lasers in Engineering
• October 2011
In this paper, laser-induced ignition was investigated for compressed natural gas–air mixtures. Experiments were performed in a constant volume combustion chamber, which simulate end of the compressio...
Laser-Induced Ignition
Compressed Natural Gas
Air Mixtures
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
SI Engine
Combustion Chamber Conditions
Turbulence
Optical Windows
Laser Ignition
Optical Diagnostics
Shadowgraphy Technique
High-Speed CMOS Camera
Flame Kernel Development
Air-Fuel Ratios
Temporal Propagation
Flame Front
Pressure-Time History
Combustion Phenomena
Laser Ignition Characterization
Natural Gas-Air Mixture
Laser Ignition System
SI Engine Applications
Journal: International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer
• October 2011
In medium to heavy duty diesel engines, ever increasing power densities are threatening piston's structural integrity at high engine loads and speeds. This investigation presents the computational res...
Medium to Heavy Duty Diesel Engines
Piston Structural Integrity
High Engine Loads
Heat Transfer
Impinging Oil Jet
Numerical Modeling
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Oil Selection
Oil Jet Velocity
Nozzle Diameter
Nozzle Design
Oil Fumes
Oil Mist Generation
Finite Element Method
Transient Temperature Profiles
Heat Flux
Engine Loads
Oil Jet Cooling
Temperature Behavior
Steady State
High-Speed CCD Camera
Oil Jet Breakup
Localized Pool Boiling
Mist Generation
Experimental Validation
Journal: Optical Engineering
• October 2007
Optical access to combustion chambers via windows is desirable for combustion diagnostics as well as for laser ignition. By nature, combustion deposits can form on the inner surface of the light-trans...
Optical Access
Combustion Chamber
Combustion Diagnostics
Laser Ignition
Nd:YAG Laser
Ablation
Deposit Removal
Internal Combustion Engine
Optical Window
Spark Plug Ignition
Fuel Consumption
Oil Consumption
Carbonaceous Deposits
Inorganic Compounds
Light Transmission
Laser Ablation
Energy Fluence
Microanalysis
Solid-State Laser
Cyclic Laser Shots
High Flux Laser
Deposit Mitigation
Transmissive Windows
Compact Laser Systems
Engine Maintenance
Laser Cleaning
Combustion Analysis
Fuel Efficiency
Optical Diagnostics
Engine Performance
High-Power Laser
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• October 2006
Thermal loading of diesel engine pistons has increased dramatically in recent years owing to applications of various technologies to meet low emission and high power density requirements. Control of p...
Diesel Engine Pistons
Thermal Loading
Piston Cooling
Oil Jets
Crankcase
Excessive Piston Temperature
Engine Seizure
Piston Warping
Boiling Range
Oil Mist
Non-Tailpipe Emissions
Unburnt Hydrocarbons
Numerical Model
Finite Element Methods
Oil Jet Cooling
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Oil Type
Oil Jet Velocity
Oil Jet Diameter
Oil Nozzle Distance
Mist Generation
Temperature Profiles
Isotherms
Engine Design
Emission Control
Tailpipe Emissions
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• October 2003
The combustion related properties of vegetable oils are somewhat similar to diesel oil. Neat vegetable oils or their blends with diesel, however, pose various long-term problems in compression ignitio...
Vegetable Oils
Diesel Blends
Compression Ignition Engines
Combustion Properties
Injector Coking
Ring-Sticking
Injector Deposits
Lube Oil Dilution
High Viscosity
Low Volatility
Polyunsaturated Character
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester (LOME)
Biodiesel Blends
Engine Endurance Tests
Wear Measurement
Carbon Deposits
Piston Wear
Ring Sticking
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Wear Metal Traces
Biodiesel Engine Performance
Lubricating Oil Performance
Engine Component Durability
Fuel Chemistry
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• November 2022
Several advanced low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies have been developed to reduce the harmful emissions from diesel engines. These LTC strategies, such as homogeneous charge compression ignit...
Low-Temperature Combustion
Diesel Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
Nitrogen Oxides
Soot Emissions
Combustion Control
Engine Performance
After-Treatment Devices
Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Maximum Pressure Rise Rate
Optical Diagnostics
Fuel-Air Mixtures
Alternative Fuels
Dual-Mode Concept
Conventional Compression Ignition
Emissions Reduction
Transient Conditions
Driving Cycles
Hybrid-RCCI
Multi-Cylinder Engines
Single-Cylinder Engines
Real-World Applicability
Higher Engine Loads
Fuel Reactivities
Engine Operating Limit
Combustion Mode Strategies
Emission Measurements
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• November 2022
Unburnt hydrocarbon emissions and combustion instability are severe issues in diesel engines during cold starting. This simulation study aims to provide insights for improving the cold-start issues of...
Unburnt Hydrocarbons
Combustion Instability
Diesel Engines
Cold Start
Simulation Study
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
CONVERGE Software
Eulerian–Lagrangian Approach
Large Eddy Simulation (LES)
Fuel Temperature
Diesel Spray
Spray Characteristics
Liquid Spray Penetration
Spray Atomization
Spray Evaporation
Ambient Temperature
High-Temperature Conditions
Low-Temperature Conditions
Vapor Formation
Total Kinetic Energy (TKE)
Fuel and Ambient Temperature Effects
Cold-Start Solutions
Diesel Engine Performance
Engine Emissions
Spray Behavior
Temperature Effects on Combustion
Journal: Waste Management
• November 2021
The valorization of waste frying oil (WFO) to biodiesel has been carried out via solid base catalyzed transesterification reaction. A novel potassium tin oxide (KSO) catalyst was synthesized via polym...
Waste Frying Oil
WFO
Biodiesel
Valorization
Solid Base Catalysis
Transesterification
Potassium Tin Oxide
KSO Catalyst
Polymer Precursor Auto Combustion
FAME Conversion
Reaction Conditions
Leaching
Reusability Test
Pseudo-First-Order Kinetics
Reaction Rate
Activation Energy
Enthalpy of Activation
Entropy of Activation
Gibb's Free Energy
Green Parameters
Turnover Frequency
Yield
Cleaner Process
Green Catalyst
Biofuel
Sustainable Energy
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2020
In this study, a comparative investigation of engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of low temperature combustion modes namely premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and rea...
Comparative Study
Engine Combustion
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Low Temperature Combustion
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI
Conventional Compression Ignition
CI
Single Cylinder Engine
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
BMEP
Mineral Diesel
Methanol Fuel
High-Reactivity Fuel
Low-Reactivity Fuel
Combustion Stability
Knocking
Combustion Noise
Brake Thermal Efficiency
EGT
Emission Analysis
NOx
HC
NOx-BTE Trade-Off
Parametric Analysis
Engine Loads
Low-Temperature Combustion Modes
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• November 2020
Engine experiments were performed for measurement of regulated, unregulated, and particulate emissions using a 2.2 L transportation compression ignition engine fueled with blends of diesel and biodies...
Engine Experiments
Compression Ignition Engine
Diesel-Biodiesel Blends
Jatropha Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
JB20
WCOB20
Mineral Diesel
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Methane Emissions
Ethylene Emissions
Formaldehyde
Formic Acid
Iso-Pentane
Sulfur Dioxide
N-Octane
Engine Load Effects
Emission Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Energy
Sustainable Transportation
Biofuels
Low-Carbon Fuels
Combustion Characteristics
Air Pollution
Environmental Impact
Green Fuels
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• November 2019
Nanostructure of soot particles from a small-bore compression-ignition engine was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Four test fuels namely conventional diesel,...
Soot Particles
Nanostructure
High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy
HRTEM
Compression-Ignition Engine
Diesel
Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Soot Nanoparticles
Particle Size
Fringe Length
Fringe Spacing
Fringe Tortuosity
Engine Exhaust
Lacey Carbon TEM Grids
Image Processing Algorithm
Hydrocarbon Layers
Soot Characteristics
Nano-structure Analysis
Fuel Comparison
Engine Emissions
Journal: Tribology International
• November 2018
The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the tribological performance of dual-coatings of epoxy composites (epoxy with 10 wt% of graphene and 10 wt% of base oil) on different hard inter...
Tribological Performance
Dual-Coatings
Epoxy Composites
Graphene Reinforced Epoxy
Base Oil Epoxy
Hard Intermediate Layers
Diamond-Like Carbon
Tungsten Carbide
Titanium Aluminium Nitride
D2 Steel
Friction and Wear Tests
Normal Load
Linear Sliding Speed
Steel Ball Counterface
Coefficient of Friction
Wear-Life
DLC Coating
Wear Resistance
Composite Coatings
Surface Engineering
Lubrication Performance
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2017
In this study, the spray and combustion phenomena of biodiesels were investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Mineral diesel was used as a baseline fuel and biodiesels derived from...
Biodiesel Spray
Combustion Phenomena
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC)
Mineral Diesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Karanja Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Oil Biodiesel
Spray Atomization
Fuel Properties
High-Speed Shadowgraphy
Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI)
Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD)
Air-Fuel Equivalence Ratio
Soot Generation
Hue Number Analysis
Evaporation Characteristics
Fuel Volatility
Diesel Injection Pressure
Injection Pressure 80 MPa
Fuel Spray Characteristics
Droplet Size Distribution
Flame Luminosity
Spray Flame Duration
Sooting Tendency
Oxygen Content in Biodiesel
Diesel Fuel Comparison
Engine Simulation
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• November 2016
Thermal efficiency of compression ignition (CI) engine is higher than spark ignition (SI) engine however heterogeneous fuel-air mixing in CI engine leads to higher NOx and soot formation. Fuel quality...
Compression Ignition Engine
Spark Ignition Engine
Thermal Efficiency
Fuel-Air Mixing
NOx Emissions
Soot Formation
Low Volatility Fuels
Diesel
Kerosene
Gasoline
Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI Engine
Compression Ratio
Test Fuels
GD5
GD15
GK5
GK15
G100
Relative Air-Fuel Ratio
Misfire Prevention
Fuel Injection System
Manifold Injection
Spark Assisted Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
SAPCCI Engine
Combustion
Emissions
Engine Performance
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Low Pressure Injection
Customized Injection System
Journal: Fuel
• November 2015
Depletion of petroleum reserves and prevailing stringent emission legislations have motivated the researchers to develop and introduce alternative automotive fuels with an objective of reducing global...
Petroleum Depletion
Emission Legislation
Alternative Fuels
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG
Hydrogen Enriched CNG
HCNG
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Reduction
Power Output
Torque
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BSFC
Brake Specific Energy Consumption
BSEC
Combustion Stability
In-Cylinder Pressure
Rate of Pressure Rise
RoPR
Heat Release Rate
HRR
Combustion Duration
Hydrocarbons
HC
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
Nitrogen Monoxide
NO
Hydrogen Addition
Engine Torque
Performance Optimization
Mixture Composition
30% HCNG
Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production
• November 2015
Poor oxidation stability is the main technical hurdle associated with the commercialization of biodiesel. Adding antioxidants is a suitable method for enhancing the oxidation stability of biodiesel. T...
Biodiesel Oxidation Stability
Antioxidants
PG
Non-edible Vegetable Oils
Karanja
Neem
Jatropha
Rancimat Test
Induction Period
Dosage Level
ASTM Biodiesel Specifications
Oxidation Stability Enhancement
Antioxidant Effectiveness
Commercialization
South Asian Origin
Biodiesel Commercialization Hurdles
Biodiesel Quality Improvement
Journal: Sadhana (Sādhanā)
• November 2015
For improving engine performance, combustion and controlling emissions from compression ignition (CI) engines, common rail direct injection (CRDI) technology offers limitless possibilities by controll...
Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Compression Ignition Engines
Fuel Injection Pressure
Start of Injection (SOI)
Injection Duration
Engine Combustion
Emissions Control
Engine Performance
Solenoid Injector
Injector Driver Circuit
High Pressure Stage Controls
Cylinder Head Modification
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Cylinder Pressure
Rate of Pressure Rise (RoPR)
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Agricultural Sector
Decentralized Power Sector
Engine Out Emissions
NOx Emissions
Advanced Fuel Injection
Ignition Delay
Single-Cylinder Engine
Experimental Investigation
Fuel Injection Timings
Emissions Reduction
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2013
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines have potential for excellent fuel economy and extremely low emissions of NOx and PM. HCCI engines however do not have any direct control on the s...
HCCI Engines
Fuel Economy
NOx Emissions
PM Emissions
Combustion Control
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations
Combustion Parameters
Gasoline-like Fuels
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Modified Four-Cylinder Engine
Intake Air Temperature
Air-Fuel Ratio
Engine Speed
Cylinder Pressure Signals
Coefficient of Variation (COV)
Standard Deviation
Combustion Phasing
Statistical Distributions
Probability Density Functions
Closed Loop Control
Engine Control
Journal: Applied Energy
• November 2012
In compression ignition engines, soot–NOx paradox is an extremely challenging unresolved issue. Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is one of the most promising solution that combines the a...
HCCI Combustion
Compression Ignition Engines
Soot-NOx Paradox
High Thermal Efficiency
Rate of Heat Release
Start of Combustion
Homogeneous Mixture
Diesel HCCI
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Diesel Vaporizer
Fuel-Air Mixture
In-Cylinder Pressure
Combustion Behavior
Air-Fuel Ratios
Low Diesel Volatility
Leaner Combustion
NOx Reduction
EGR Control
Cylinder Modification
HCCI Technology Development
Journal: Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy
• November 2012
Depletion of fossil fuel resources and resulting associated environmental degradation has motivated search for alternative transportation fuels. Blending small quantity of Karanja oil (straight vegeta...
Alternative Fuels
Karanja Oil
Mineral Diesel
Blending
DICI Engines
Long-Term Durability
Engine Endurance Test
Carbon Deposits
Engine Wear
Lubricating Oil
Metal Debris
Engine Components
Piston Wear
Cylinder Liner
Piston Rings
Valves
Crank Pin
Bearings
Fuel Substitution
K10 Blend
Engine Performance
Biodiesel Blends
Sustainability
Partial Diesel Substitute
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• November 2009
Environmental concerns have increased significantly all over the world in the past decade. To fulfil the simultaneous emission requirements for near-zero pollutant and low carbon dioxide (CO2) levels,...
Environmental Concerns
Near-Zero Emissions
Low CO2 Levels
Powertrain Challenges
Engine Combustion Processes
Controlled Autoignition
Gasoline Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Diesel Engines
Ultra-Low NOx Emissions
Particulate Matter Emissions
Modified Two-Cylinder Engine
Methanol
Gasoline Fuel
Port Fuel Injection
Homogeneous Charge
Intake Air Temperature
Air-to-Fuel Ratio
In-Cylinder Pressure
Pressure Rise Curve
Heat Release Rates
Combustion Timing
HCCI Combustion Process
Journal: Renewable Energy
• November 2006
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel consisting of the alkyl esters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Vegetable oils are produced from numerous oil seed crops (edible and non-edible), e.g...
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuel
Alkyl Esters
Fatty Acids
Vegetable Oils
Animal Fats
Rapeseed Oil
Linseed Oil
Rice Bran Oil
Soybean Oil
Carbon Monoxide
Unburned Hydrocarbons
Particulate Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Diesel Engines
Flame Temperature
Combustion Chamber
Particulate Matter
Emissions Reduction
Engine Performance
Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Brake Specific Energy Consumption
Opacity
Exhaust Gas
Biodiesel Blends
Pollutant Reduction
Journal: Journal of Cleaner Production
• May 2022
Methanol has been identified as a potential substitute for conventional fuels (diesel, petrol) from scalability, sustainability, and an economic viewpoint. Economically, methanol could be cheaper than...
Methanol
Diesel Substitution
Co-Axial Injection
Locomotive Engine
Methanol Injection Timing
1-D Engine Model
Pilot Diesel Injection
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
In-Cylinder Pressure
Start of Combustion (SoC)
Combustion Duration (CD)
NOx Emissions
Methanol Latent Heat
Injection Strategy
Nozzle Design
Alternative Fuels
Sustainable Transportation
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Parametric Study
Energy Efficiency
Green Fuels
Low Emission Combustion
Direct Methanol Injection
Methanol-Diesel Dual Fuel
Rail Transport
Engine Load Optimization
Journal: SAE International Journal of Engines
• May 2021
In this experimental study, a novel combustion technique, “reactivity-controlled compression ignition” (RCCI), has been investigated using alcohols acting as low-reactivity fuel (LRF) and mineral dies...
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
Low-Temperature Combustion (LTC)
Alcohols as Low-Reactivity Fuels (LRF)
Mineral Diesel as High-Reactivity Fuel (HRF)
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)
Methanol
Ethanol
Butanol
Premixed Ratios
Combustion Performance
Emissions Characteristics
Conventional Compression Ignition (CI) Combustion
Start of Combustion (SoC)
Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions
Hydrocarbon (HC) Emissions
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emissions
Engine Emission Reduction
Engine Efficiency
Alcohol/Diesel Blends
Combustion Stability
Moisture in Ethanol
Spark Ignition (SI) Engine Comparisons
Energy Diversification
Biofuels in Engine Combustion
Total Particulate Mass (TPM)
Emission Reduction Potential
Engine Load
Fuel Blending
Alternative Fuels for Diesel Engines
Sustainable Fuel Usage
Biofuel Efficiency
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• May 2021
Researchers have investigated reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in the past several years because of its excellent combustion, performance, and emission features. In this ex...
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Butanol
Diesel-Butanol Blend
Low Reactivity Fuel
High Reactivity Fuel
Compression Ignition
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Premixed Ratio
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Port Injection
Combustion Strategy
Nitrogen Oxides Reduction
Particulate Emissions
Particle Number Concentration
Fuel Reactivity
Alternative Fuels
Sustainable Combustion
Methanol RCCI
Ethanol RCCI
Thermal Efficiency
Clean Combustion
Engine Load Variation
Renewable Fuels
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Green Transportation
Low Emission Strategies
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• May 2020
Butanol is an oxygenated renewable fuel and therefore is a potential candidate to be blended with gasoline to reduce particulate emissions. In this experimental investigation, particle number-size (PN...
Butanol Fuel
Oxygenated Renewable Fuel
Gasoline Blend
Particulate Emissions Reduction
Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
GDI Engine
Particle Number-Size Distribution
PN-Size Distribution
Soot Morphology
Physical Characterization
Engine Load Effect
Fuel Injection Pressure
FIP Influence
Bu15 Fuel Blend
Engine Exhaust Particulate Sizer
EEPS Measurement
Partial Flow Dilution Tunnel
Primary Particle Size
Particle Agglomerates
Agglomerate Length
Agglomerate Width
Skeletal Length
Skeletal Width
Transmission Electron Microscopy
TEM Analysis
Nano-Scale Morphology
Classical Sphere Agglomerates
Chain-Like Agglomerates
Gasoline Particulate Filter
GPF Design
GPF Regeneration
Alternative Fuels
Sustainable Combustion
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• May 2017
With rapid depletion of petroleum resources, researchers are investigating alternate fuels to meet global transportation energy demand. Gaseous fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen...
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas (HCNG)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Hydrogen Fuel
Spark Ignition Engine
Alternate Fuels
Cleaner Combustion
Energy Density
Flammability Range
Backfiring Tendency
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Hydrogen Fraction
HCNG Mixture Composition
Single Cylinder Gas Engine
Performance Optimization
CNG Alternatives
Fuel Mixtures
Gas Engine Testing
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• May 2016
IC engines are facing two major challenges in the 21st century namely threat of fossil fuel depletion and environmental concerns. HCCI engine is an attractive solution to meet stringent emission chall...
HCCI Engines
Alternative Fuels
Biodiesel (B20)
Diesel
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Environmental Concerns
NOx Reduction
PM Reduction
Emission Challenges
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Engine Modifications
Fuel Vaporizer
Intake Charge Temperature
EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation)
Engine Loads
In-cylinder Pressure
Exhaust Emissions
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS)
Knocking Tendency
Heat Release Rate
Combustion Characteristics
HC and CO Emissions
Nano-particles Emissions
Combustion Phasing
Performance Optimization
Biodiesel Combustion
Intake Charge Temperature Effect
EGR Effect
Journal: SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing
• May 2015
Better understanding of flow phenomena inside the combustion chamber of a diesel engine and accurate measurement of flow parameters is necessary for engine optimization i.e. enhancing power output, fu...
Diesel Engine
Combustion Chamber
Airflow Characteristics
Flow Phenomena
Engine Optimization
Fuel Economy
Emissions Control
Air-Fuel Mixing
In-Cylinder Air Flow
High-Speed Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
Four-Valve Diesel Engine
Motored Condition
Engine Speed
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
Visualization
Graphite Particles
Swirling Flow
Vorticity Analysis
Intake Valve
Turbulence
Velocity Components (Vx
Vy
Vz)
Engine Speed Effects
Velocity Variation
Z-Direction
Experimental Study
Optically Accessed Engine
Cylinder Visualization
Transparent Cylinder
Transparent Piston
Flow Seeding
Engine Performance
Combustion Analysis
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• May 2015
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered as cleaner fuel compared to gasoline and has emerged as an important alternate transport fuel in view of its abundant availability globally. CNG has been imp...
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG
Emission Characteristics
Public Transportation
Heavy-Duty CNG Bus
Light-Duty CNG Tempo
Traffic Policemen Health
Regulated Gaseous Emissions
Unregulated Pollutants
Particulate Bound PAHs
Engine Speeds
No Load Conditions
Traffic Junction
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
NO Emissions
Particulate Number-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
Particle Number Emissions
Accumulation Mode
Particle Mass Contributions
CNG Vehicles Emissions
Emission Control
Air Quality
Traffic Emission Impact
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• May 2014
This paper describes the comparative performance, emissions, combustion characteristics and particulate size–number distribution of 10 and 20% methanol blends (M10 & M20) with gasoline in a medium dut...
Methanol Blends
M10
M20
Gasoline
Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Brake Thermal Efficiency
CO Emissions
NO Emissions
Smoke Emissions
Gasohol
Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Combustion Duration
Engine Load
Transportation Engine
Spark Ignition
Environmental Impact
Engine Modification
Journal: Fuel
• May 2014
Laser is emerging as a strong concept for alternative ignition in spark ignition engine. Laser ignition has potential advantages over conventional spark plug ignition. Laser ignition system is free fr...
Laser Ignition
Spark Ignition
Alternative Ignition
Spark Plug
In-Cylinder Pressure
Combustion Stability
Fuel Consumption
Power Output
Exhaust Emissions
Engine Performance
High In-Cylinder Pressure
Laser Ignition System
Conventional Ignition System
Combustion Efficiency
Ignition Technology
Journal: Optical Engineering
• May 2014
Laser pulses of few a nanoseconds’ duration are focused by an appropriate converging lens system, leading to breakdown of the medium (combustible gases), resulting in the formation of intense plasma....
Laser Ignition
Nanosecond Laser Pulses
Plasma Generation
Combustible Gases
Spark Ignition
Lean Air-Fuel Mixture
Compressed Natural Gas
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Flame Kernel Visualization
Pulse Energy
Engine Combustion
Performance
Emissions
Shadowgraphy Technique
Cylinder Pressure
Rate of Heat Release
Combustion Stability
Engine-Out Emissions
Journal: Fuel
• May 2013
Particulate and NOx emissions from diesel engine are the biggest challenges faced in making diesel engines environmentally benign. Measures adopted for reducing gravimetric particulate emission to mee...
Diesel Engine
Particulate Emissions
NOx Emissions
Fuel Injection Pressure
Start of Injection Timings
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Surface Area
Volume Concentration
Engine Exhaust Particulate Sizer (EEPS)
Engine Load (BMEP)
Particulate Number Concentration
Emission Regulations
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• May 2012
Environment friendly alternative energy sources need to be developed in order to meet the burgeoning demand for fossil fuels for transportation. Utilization of vegetable oils as biodiesel is most acce...
Biodiesel
Neem Oil
High Free Fatty Acid
Esterification
Transesterification
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Diesel Engine
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Brake Thermal Efficiency
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
NO Emissions
Combustion Duration
Heat Release Rate
Fuel Blends
Diesel Alternatives
Diesel Engine Performance
Biodiesel Blends
Emission Reduction
Thermal Properties
Vegetable Oils
Alternative Fuels
Diesel Substitution
Journal: International Journal of Vehicle Design
• May 2009
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. In present investigation, biodiesel from rice b...
Biodiesel
Rice Bran Oil
Alternative Fuels
Environmental Awareness
Exhaust Emissions
Diesel Engine
Performance Evaluation
Emission Characteristics
ECE R49 Test Cycle
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Biodiesel Blends
B20 Blend
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Testing
Endurance Testing
Wear Analysis
Cylinder Liner Wear
Surface Parameters
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Wear Metal Analysis
Ferrography
Lubricating Oil Samples
Engine Durability
ASTM D6751
Fuel Comparisons
Medium Duty Transportation Engine
Biodiesel Production
Engine Operation
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• May 2008
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of resources are driving industry to develop viable alternative fuels from renewable resources that are environmentally more acceptable. Vegetable oil i...
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Resources
Vegetable Oil
High Viscosity
Low Volatility
Compression Ignition Engines
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oil Esters
Transesterification
Rice Bran Oil
Non-edible Oils
Rice Cultivating Countries
Rice Bran Oil Methyl Ester
Biodiesel Production
Process Variables
Temperature
Catalyst Concentration
Methanol
Reaction Time
Optimized Conditions
NaOH Catalyst
Reaction Temperature
Molar Ratio
Fuel Substitution
Engine Performance
Mineral Diesel Substitute
Transportation Sector
Agriculture Sector
Fuel Properties
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• May 2005
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from vegetable oils by modifying their molecular structure through a transesterification process. Linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) was prepared using methanol i...
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuel
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester
LOME
Transesterification
Compression Ignition Engines
Emission Characteristics
Biodiesel Blend
Endurance Tests
Tribological Studies
Lubricating Oil
Fuel Chemistry
Fuel Performance
Fuel Life
Density Measurement
Viscosity
Flashpoint
Moisture Content
Pentane Insolubles
Benzene Insolubles
Thin Layer Chromatography
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Lubricating Oil Performance
Diesel Oil
Fuel Comparison
Engine Performance
Fuel Efficiency
Biodiesel Advantages
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• March 2023
Controlling the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions is one of the vital goals of compression ignition (CI) engines. Implementing stringent emissions regulations has motivate...
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Particulate Matter (PM)
Compression Ignition (CI) Engines
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI)
Emission Control
Engine Efficiency
Low-Octane Gasoline
Preheated Air
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Negative Valve Overlap
Main Injection Timing
Split Injection
Engine Load
Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT)
Cyclic Variability
In-Cylinder Pressure
Coefficient of Variation
Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC)
Diesel-Gasoline Blend (G80)
Emission Reduction
Engine Performance
Double Injection Strategy
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Journal: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
• March 2021
Vehicular emissions make significant contribution to the total ambient airborne pollutants. Global warming and human health concerns are motivating researchers to come out with newer ways of controlli...
Vehicular Emissions
Ambient Air Pollution
Global Warming
Human Health
Air Pollution Control
Vehicle Emission Regulations
Emissions Monitoring
Real-World Driving Emissions
RDE
Dynamometer Testing
Engine Testing
Chassis Testing
Traffic-Related Air Quality
Driving Cycles
Real-World Driving Conditions
Emission Control Strategies
Laboratory Measurements
On-Road Measurements
Emission Measurement Discrepancies
Emission Monitoring Techniques
Sustainable Road Transport System
Journal: Journal of Tribology
• March 2019
The main objective of this investigation is the evaluation of the performance of hard diamond-like-carbon (DLC) or tungsten carbide (WC) and soft (epoxy composite) dual-coatings on the internal combus...
Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC)
Tungsten Carbide (WC)
Epoxy Composite Coating
Dual Coating
Piston Rings
Protective Coating
Wear Reduction
Tribological Tests
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
Engine Performance
Diesel Engine
Scuffing Prevention
Polymer Composite
Graphene
Wear Rate
Cylinder Liner
Piston Rings Interface
Tribology
Engine Speed
Rated Load
Journal: Energy
• March 2017
In this study, an advanced combustion concept ‘premixed charge compression ignition’ (PCCI) has been explored for application in diesel engines. PCCI combustion is a single-stage combustion process, i...
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
Diesel Engines
Combustion Concept
Knock
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Split Fuel Injection Strategy
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Fuel Injection Timing
Start of Main Injection (SoMI)
Start of Pilot Injection (SoPI)
Engine Performance
Particulate Emissions
Particulate Number-Size Distribution
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS)
Particulate-Bound Trace Metals
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES)
Engine Stability
Combustion Phasing
EGR Optimization
Fuel Injection Strategy
Combustion Optimization
NOx Reduction
PCCI Emissions
Journal: Applied Energy
• March 2017
This experimental study focuses on developing new combustion concept for compression ignition (CI) engines by achieving partially homogeneous charge, leading to low temperature combustion (LTC). Parti...
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• March 2017
Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have become popular in transportation sector off late and may possibly substitute diesel engines for various applications because of their superior power output...
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Emission Characteristics
Gasohol
Alcohol-Gasoline Mixtures
Ethanol-Gasoline Blends
Methanol-Gasoline Blends
Particulate Matter (PM)
Particulate Number (PN)
Homogeneous Charge Mode
Engine Exhaust Particle Size Analyzer (EEPS)
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Particulate Size-Mass Distribution
Particulate Size-Surface Area Distribution
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP)
PM/PN Emissions
Engine Load Conditions
Toxicity of Particulate Emissions
Count Mean Diameter
Emission Norms
Fuel-Air Mixture Preparation
Environmental Impact
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• March 2017
Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is an advanced combustion technique, which has the potential to be operated by alternative fuels such as alcohols. PCCI combustion emits lower ox...
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI Combustion
Hybrid Combustion System
Compression Ignition
CI Combustion
Alternative Fuels
Alcohol-Based Fuels
Diesohol
Ethanol-Diesel Blend
Engine Control Unit
ECU-Controlled Combustion
Mode Switching
Fuel Injection Parameters
Heat Release Rate
Emission Reduction
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Particulate Matter Emissions
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Unregulated Emissions
Sulfur Dioxide
Formaldehyde Emissions
Particulate Number-Size Distribution
Nano-Particles
Accumulation Mode Particles
Sustainable Transportation
Advanced Combustion Techniques
Low-Temperature Combustion
Engine Load Variation
Clean Combustion
Renewable Fuels
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• March 2015
Pilot and post injections are being used in modern diesel engines for improving engine performance in addition to meeting stringent emission norms. Biodiesel produced from different feedstocks is gain...
Pilot Injections
Post Injections
Diesel Engines
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Partial Replacement
Compression Ignition Engines
Biodiesel Blends
Injection Pressures
Injection Timings
CRDI Engine
Multiple Injection Mode
Fuel Injection Pressure
Start of Pilot Injection
SOPI
Start of Main Injection
SOMI
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BSFC
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Brake Specific Carbon Monoxide
BSCO
Brake Specific Hydrocarbon
BSHC
Brake Specific Nitrogen Oxides
BSNOx
Combustion Duration
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Journal: Fuel
• March 2014
Effect of Karanja biodiesel (Karanja oil methyl ester; KOME) and its blends on engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics in a direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engine of...
Karanja Biodiesel
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
KOME
Biodiesel Blends
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine
Medium Size Utility Vehicle
Engine Speed
Load
Torque
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BSFC
BSCO
BSHC
Smoke Emissions
BSNOx
Comparative Investigation
Unmodified DICI Engine
Journal: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing
• March 2013
Diagnosis of combustion is necessary for the estimation of the combustion quality, and control of combustion timing in advanced combustion concepts like HCCI. Combustion diagnostics is often performed...
Combustion Diagnosis
Combustion Quality
Combustion Timing Control
HCCI
Pressure Signal Processing
Piezoelectric Sensor
Cylinder Pressure
Engine Diagnostics
Signal Averaging
Smoothing Techniques
Crank Angle Phasing
Cycle Averaging
Rate of Pressure Rise
Rate of Heat Release
Engine Speed/Load
Air-Fuel Ratio
Signal Standard Deviation
Digital Filters
Engine Operating Conditions
Pressure History
Engine Cycles
HCCI Engine Performance
Journal: Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering
• March 2010
The hydrogenolysis of dilute glycerol solution to 1,2-propanediol was studied in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst (FeCoL/Raney Nickel) having a heterodinuclear FeCo macrocyclic complex ionically...
Hydrogenolysis
Glycerol
1
2-Propanediol
Heterogeneous Catalyst
FeCoL/Raney Nickel
FeCo Macrocyclic Complex
Catalyst Stability
Temperature Stability
Solvent Effect
Hydrogen Pressure
Reaction Conversion
Selectivity
2-Propanediol Yield
Water Content
Kinetic Model
Genetic Algorithm
Catalyst Support
Reaction Conditions
Optimal Rate Constants
Industrial Application
Sustainable Chemistry
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• March 2009
Laser-induced spark ignition of lean hydrogen–air mixtures was experimentally investigated using nanosecond pulses generated by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm) at initial pressure of 3 MP...
Laser-Induced Spark Ignition
Lean Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Nanosecond Pulses
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Plasma Formation
Combustion Phenomena
Flame Kernel
Spontaneous Emission Technique
Laser Plasma Propagation
Pressure Rise
Combustion Chamber
Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer
Spark Plug Ignition
Hydrogen-Air Mixture Ignition
Experimental Comparison
Plasma Growth
Laser Focusing Lens
Journal: Surface and Coatings Technology
• March 2007
This paper reports tribological characterization of titanium based coatings ion bonded on steel balls for automotive applications using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It is well known that lubricati...
Titanium Based Coatings
Tribological Characterization
Ion Bonding
Steel Balls
Automotive Applications
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR Stressed Oil
Lubricating Oil Contamination
Soot Induced Wear
TiN Coatings
TiAlN Coatings
TiCN Coatings
Wear Characteristics
Ring-Liner Interaction
Cast Iron Disk
Scar Diameter Analysis
Coating Wear Rate
Hardness Comparison
Oil Film Thickness
Geometric Wear Model
Coating Durability
Journal: Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs
• March 2005
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a suitable bioceramic material for hard tissue replacement. In this present work HAp has synthesized by solid state reactions in temperature near 1250oC and it exhibits hexagon...
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)
Bioceramic Material
Hard Tissue Replacement
Solid-State Reactions
Hexagonal Crystal Structure
Mechanical Properties
Cold Compaction Pressure
Recrushing Operation
Surface Reaction Resistance
Simulated Body Fluid
Surface Morphology
Pore Volume
Particle Size
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Technique
Particle Size Analysis
Chemical Bonding
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry
Material Synthesis
Biocompatibility
Bioceramics Research
Journal: Energy
• June 2022
The reliance of the transport, agriculture, marine, and power generation sectors on heavy-duty diesel engines would continue in the foreseeable future due to their higher efficiency, torque, fuel econ...
Transport Sector
Agriculture Sector
Marine Sector
Power Generation
Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines
Efficiency
Torque
Fuel Economy
Durability
Emissions
Alternative Fuels
Methanol
Combustion Technologies
Pollutant Reduction
Retrofitment
Engine Modifications
Diesel-Methanol Dual-Fuel Combustion
DFC
Commercial Genset CI Engine
Performance Evaluation
Emission Comparison
OEM Configuration
Inlet Charge Temperature
Turbocharger
Port Fuel Injection
Engine Combustion Chamber
Injection Timing
Injection Pressure
Thermal Efficiency
Diesel Displacement
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
CO2 Emissions
Exhaust Smoke
Particulates
Fuel Injection Strategy
Genset Engines
Cylinder Noise
Diesel Replacement
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• June 2021
Optimized fuel injection timings in internal combustion engines exhibit superior performance, combustion characteristics, and lower emissions. Particularly, particulate emissions from a gasoline direc...
Optimized Fuel Injection Timing
Internal Combustion Engine
Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
GDI Engine
Particulate Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Fuel Economy
Performance Characteristics
Multiple-Port Fuel Injection
MPFI Engine
Transport Sector
Particulate Matter Emissions
Particulate Number Emissions
Fuel Injection Timing Optimization
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
Particle Size-Number Distribution
Morphological Investigation
Engine Operating Point
Emission Reduction
Injection Timing Envelope
Automotive Powertrain
Exhaust Emission Control
Engine Performance Enhancement
Fuel Injection Strategy
Advanced Combustion Technology
Unresolved Challenges
Air Quality Improvement
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• June 2020
Global warming and stringent emission norms have become the major concerns for the road transport sector globally, which has motivated researchers to explore advanced combustion technologies. Reactivi...
Global Warming
Stringent Emission Norms
Road Transport Sector
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
Compression Ignition (CI) Combustion
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Particulate Matter
Methanol as Low-Reactivity Fuel
Diesel as High-Reactivity Fuel
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Premixed Ratio Optimization
Engine Loads
Particulate Emissions
Nucleation Mode Particles
Accumulation Mode Particles
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Combustion Stability
Knocking
Particulate Mass Reduction
Particulate Number Concentration
Journal: Environmental Science & Technology
• June 2020
The origin, transport pathway, and spatial variability of total organic carbon (OC) in the western Himalayan glaciers are poorly understood compared to those of black carbon (BC) and dust, but it is c...
Total Organic Carbon
Organic Carbon Transport
Western Himalayan Glaciers
Black Carbon
Dust Deposition
Atmospheric Particulate Matter
PM10
OC Activation Energy
Radiogenic Isotopes
Lead Isotopes
14C Dating
Biomass Contribution
Petrogenic Sources
δ13C Composition
N/C Ratio
C3 Vegetation
Photoautotrophic Input
Heterotrophic Microbial Activity
Fossil Fuel Contribution
Air Mass Transport Pathways
Precipitation Regimes
Glacier Melting
Climate Impact
Carbon-Induced Melting
Spatial Variability
Himalayan Glaciers
Atmospheric Deposition
Environmental Isotopes
Cryosphere Studies
Regional Climate Change
Journal: Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
• June 2020
With over 7 million people infected globally and over 5 lakh deaths reported worldwide by COVID-19 virus, World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it as a pandemic. India is also suffering badly b...
COVID-19
Pandemic
World Health Organization (WHO)
India COVID-19 Crisis
Global Infections
Global Deaths
Vaccine Development
Global Economy Reopening
Precautionary Measures
Mask Wearing
Hand Washing
Personal Hygiene
Social Distancing
Government of India (GoI)
Economy Reopening
Disinfection Challenges
Portable Disinfectant Device
Industry-Academia Collaboration
Technopark@iitk
IIT Kanpur Research and Technology Park
Sanitising Liquid
UV Light Disinfection
UV-C Radiation
Pump-Nozzle Assembly
Virus Kill Efficiency
Disinfection Technology
Public Safety
Infection Control
Journal: Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering
• June 2020
Due to increasingly stringent environmental pollution norms, there is a need for alternate combustion techniques and alternate fuels to keep up with changing trends. One of the viable solutions for In...
Alternate Combustion Techniques
Alternate Fuels
Methanol
Automotive Sector
Two-Wheeler Prototype
M85
Methanol-Gasoline Blend
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
Port Fuel Injection (PFI)
Performance Testing
Chassis Dynamometer
On-Road Performance
ECU Recalibration
Spark Timing
Engine Power
Maximum Vehicle Speed
Acceleration Characteristics
Throttle Response
Raw Tailpipe Emissions
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Aftertreatment Systems
Emission Control
Fuel Adaptation
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• June 2020
In this study, experiments were performed in a single-cylinder research engine to investigate the particulate matter (PM) characteristics of the engine operated in premixed charge compression ignition...
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Particulate Matter Characteristics
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition
PCCI Mode Combustion
Compression Ignition Mode
CI Mode Combustion
Biodiesel Blends
B20 Fuel
B40 Fuel
Baseline Mineral Diesel
Fuel Injection Pressure
700 Bar Injection Pressure
Engine Speed 1500 RPM
Fuel Energy Input
Pilot Injection Strategies
Single Pilot Injection
SPI Strategy
Double Pilot Injection
DPI Strategy
Start of Main Injection
SoMI Timing
PM Emission Reduction
Trace Metal Analysis
Chemical Characterization
Transmission Electron Microscopy
TEM Analysis
Particulate Morphology
Health Risk Assessment
Alternative Fuels
Sustainable Combustion
Air Quality Improvement
Journal: Catalysis Reviews - Science and Engineering
• June 2019
In this review, we have systematically discussed diesel particulate composition and its formation, understanding of which is essential to design the effective catalyst compositions. The most commonly...
Diesel Particulate Composition
Diesel Particulate Formation
Catalyst Compositions
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
Diesel Particulate Filters
Partial Flow Filters
Soot Oxidation Catalysts
Non-Catalytic Particulate Matter Oxidation
Soot Oxidation Mechanisms
Soot Oxidation Kinetics
NO2 Soot Oxidation
Air/O2 Soot Oxidation
Catalyst Development
Low-Cost Catalysts
Diesel PM Oxidation
Aftertreatment Strategies
Environmental Impact
Diesel Engine Emissions
Catalyst Efficiency
Journal: Fuel
• June 2018
In this study, a fuel injection equipment (FIE) test rig was designed and fabricated to investigate the wear characteristics of FIE components used by a single cylinder diesel engine using Karanja oil...
Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE)
Wear Characteristics
Karanja Oil (KO100)
Karanja Biodiesel (KOME100)
Mineral Diesel
Diesel Engine
Endurance Test
Fuel Pump
Cam and Follower Mechanism
Nozzle Needle
Plunger
Valve
Valve Holder
Weight Loss
Dimensional Loss
Surface Texture
Optical Microscopy
Fuel Injector
Mechanical Stress
Thermal Stress
Chemical Reactivity
Biodiesel
SVO
Fuel Testing
Engine Durability
Component Wear
Fuel Injection Pressure
Engine Components
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• June 2017
Exponentially increasing energy demand and stricter emission legislations have motivated researchers to explore alternative fuels and advanced engine technologies, which are more efficient and environ...
Hydrogen Fuel
Internal Combustion Engine
Laser Ignition (LI)
Spark Ignition (SI)
Particulate Emissions
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Gaseous Fuels
Plasma Location
NOx Emissions
Ultra-Lean Fuel–Air Mixture
Particulate Number Concentration
Particulate Mass
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS)
Engine Load
Count Mean Diameter (CMD)
Particulate Emission Comparison
Hydrogen-Fueled Engine
Ignition Systems
Emission Behavior
Journal: RSC Advances
• June 2016
A four cylinder transportation diesel engine was used to evaluate the performance of two non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) with respect to various emission parameters such as part...
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
DOC
Non-Noble Metal Catalysts
Diesel Engine
Particulate Emissions
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
EC/OC
Trace Metals
Mixed Oxide Catalysts
Co3O4–CeO2
Perovskite Catalysts
Ceria Support
Emission Reduction
Engine Load
Catalytic Performance
Particulate Mass Reduction
Organic Carbon Reduction
Engine Emissions
Diesel Particulate Matter
Catalyst Effectiveness
Commercial DOC Comparison
Engine Efficiency
Environmental Impact
Sustainable Emission Control
Journal: Measurement
• June 2015
Optical visualization technique such as engine endoscopy is a very important tool for time resolved spatial combustion visualization and characterization. It provides valuable information about combus...
Engine Endoscopy
Optical Visualization
Time-Resolved Combustion
Spatial Combustion Visualization
Diesel-Biodiesel Blends
Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Combustion Imaging
Start of Combustion
Soot Distribution
Flame Radiation Temperatures
Biodiesel Content
Luminous Flames
Soot Oxidation
Heat Release Rate
Engine Load
NOx Emissions
Fuel Injection
Biodiesel Blends
Combustion Characteristics
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Energy
Emission Reduction
Journal: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
• June 2014
In the present research, effect of biodiesel content on homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics has been investigated experimentally....
Biodiesel
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engine
Combustion
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Biodiesel Blends
B20
B40
Conventional CI Mode
Fuel Vaporization
Mixture Formation
Port Fuel Injection
EGR Conditions
Rate of Heat Release
Power Output
ISFC
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
Smoke Emissions
NOx Emissions
Evaporation Rate
Engine Stability
Biodiesel Content
Emission Reduction
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• June 2010
The methyl esters of vegetable oils known as biodiesel are becoming increasingly popular because of their low environmental impact and potential as a green alternative fuel for diesel engines. Methyl...
Methyl Esters
Vegetable Oils
Biodiesel
Environmental Impact
Green Alternative Fuel
Diesel Engines
Rice-Bran Oil
RBOME
Transesterification
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Direct-Injection Diesel Engine
Four-Stroke
Four-Cylinder
Engine Performance
Emissions
In-Cylinder Pressure
Crank Angle History
Pressure Rise Rate
Instantaneous Heat Release Rate
Cumulative Heat Release Rate
Mass Fraction Burned
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
Smoke Emissions
RBO and RBOME Blends
Journal: Optics and Lasers in Engineering
• June 2009
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a very promising future combustion concept for internal combustion engines. There are several technical difficulties associated with this concept, and...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Auto-Ignition
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Laser Ignition
Erbium Laser
Laser Pulse Width Optimization
Combustion Chamber
Combustion Products
Water Molecules
Resonant Absorption
Ignition Control
Experimental Work
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Simulated EGR Conditions
Combustion Process
Ignition Timing
Internal Combustion Engines
Laser Radiation
Journal: Renewable Energy
• June 2008
Fuel crisis because of dramatic increase in vehicular population and environmental concerns have renewed interest of scientific community to look for alternative fuels of bio-origin such as vegetable...
Fuel Crisis
Alternative Fuels
Bio-origin Fuels
Vegetable Oils
Non-edible Oils
Linseed Oil
Mahua Oil
Rice Bran Oil
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester
LOME
Diesel Substitutes
High-energy Content
Performance
Emission Characteristics
Single Cylinder Engine
Four-Stroke Engine
Engine Blends
Mineral Diesel
Operational Problems
Durability Issues
Viscosity
Volatility
Polyunsaturated Character
Transesterification
Viscosity Reduction
Diesel Fuel Substitutes
Economic Analysis
Fuel Cost
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• June 2007
The increasing industrialization and motorization of the world has led to a steep rise for the demand of petroleum-based fuels. Petroleum-based fuels are obtained from limited reserves. These finite r...
Petroleum-based Fuels
Energy Crisis
Alternative Fuels
Alcohol
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oils
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Well-to-Wheel Efficiency
Fuel Versatility
Infrastructure
Economics
Engine Performance
Emissions
Lubricating Oil
Ethanol
Bio-based Resources
Particulate Emissions
Compression-Ignition Engines
Ethanol Blends
Engine Material Compatibility
Biodiesel Production
Methyl Ester
Fatty Acids
Virgin Oils
Used Oils
Non-edible Oils
Jatropha Curcas
Pongamia Pinnata
Calophyllum Inophyllum
Hevea Brasiliensis
Biodiesel Blends
Diesel Engines
Emission Reduction
Unburned Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Combustion Analysis
Wear Performance
Long-term Engine Usage
Economic Feasibility
Journal: Atmospheric Environment
• June 2005
This study was set out to characterize particulate emissions from a mid-sized diesel engine in terms of metals, benzene soluble fraction, elemental and organic carbon. For this study, the exhaust part...
Particulate Emissions
Mid-Sized Diesel Engine
Metal Content
Benzene Soluble Fraction
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Diesel Exhaust
Mahindra Direct Injection Engine
Engine Operating Conditions
Idle
Load
Carcinogenicity
Diesel Composition
Exhaust Particulates
Engine Load
Exhaust Analysis
Organic Carbon Decrease
Elemental Carbon Increase
Metal Correlation
Particulate Composition
Engine Performance
Load Impact
Diesel Engine Emissions
Journal: Sadhana (Sādhanā)
• June 2004
In diesel engines, NOx formation is a highly temperature-dependent phenomenon and takes place when the temperature in the combustion chamber exceeds 2000 K. Therefore, in order to reduce NOx emissions...
Diesel Engines
NOx Emissions
Temperature-Dependent NOx Formation
Combustion Chamber Temperature
Late Fuel Injection
Fuel Consumption
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
NOx Reduction
Particulate Emissions
High Load Conditions
NOx-Soot Trade-Off
Particulate Trap
Exhaust Opacity
Unburnt Particulates
Experimental Investigation
Exhaust Gas Temperatures
Two-Cylinder Direct Injection Engine
Compression Ignition Engine
Air-Cooled Engine
EGR Effect on Exhaust Gas Temperatures
EGR Effect on Opacity
Journal: Fuel
• July 2023
Ammonia, as a carbon-free renewable fuel of emerging interest, has the potential to substitute conventional fossil fuels. However, one challenge in utilizing such fuel is the risk of high NOx (nitroge...
Ammonia
Carbon-Free
Renewable Fuel
Fossil Fuels
NOx Emissions
Secondary Fuel Injection
Pollutant Formation
Suppression Mechanism
Computational Model
Ammonia/Oxygen Kinetics
Experimental Data
Primary Fuel Flow Rate
Secondary Fuel Injection Ratio
Emission Behavior
NO Reduction
NH2
NH3 Decomposition
NO Emission
NH3 Consumption
Injection Region
NOx Mitigation
Fuel Injection Strategy
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• July 2023
In this study, a dedicated fuel injection equipment (FIE) for a 100% dimethyl ether (DME)-fueled three-cylinder engine was developed. DME has a cetane number (>55) higher than baseline diesel (40–50),...
Dimethyl Ether
DME Engine
Fuel Injection Equipment
Compression Ignition
Cetane Number
Lubricity
Viscosity
Density
Calorific Value
Vapour Pressure
Elastomer Compatibility
High-Pressure Pump
Modified Injectors
Nozzle Hole Diameter
Engine Performance
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Non-Road Steady Cycle
Combustion Characteristics
Emissions Reduction
Smoke-Free Combustion
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Carbon Monoxide Reduction
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Heat Release Rate
Low Heat Rejection Engine
On-Road Applications
Off-Road Applications
Alternative Fuels
Clean Combustion
Sustainable Transport
Journal: Environmental Pollution
• July 2023
Diesel-fuelled CI engines are the primary sources of particulate matter (PM) emissions which harm human health and the urban environment. Elevated PM emission levels can cause respiratory diseases and...
Diesel-Fuelled CI Engine
Particulate Matter Emissions
Human Health Impact
Urban Environment
Respiratory Diseases
Air Quality Deterioration
Atmospheric Visibility
Dimethyl Ether
DME Fuel
Carbon-Neutral Fuel
Oxygenated Fuel
Diesel Alternative
PM Reduction
Combustion Efficiency
Single-Cylinder Genset Engine
Particulate Number-Size Distribution
Surface Area-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
Total Particulate Number
Total Particulate Mass
Count Mean Diameter
Particulate Morphology
Trace Metal Analysis
Nucleation Mode Particles
Diesel Particulates
Agglomeration
Urban Pollution Control
Air Quality Improvement
Genset Emissions
Sustainable Fuel
Cleaner Combustion
Health Risk Mitigation
Journal: Energy
• July 2022
Increasing global demand for transport energy and concerns regarding diesel engine emissions have motivated alternative fuels for the internal combustion (IC) engine. Numerous researchers have investi...
Global Transport Energy Demand
Diesel Engine Emissions
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engine
IC Engine
Dual-Fuel Mode
Emission Profiles
Energy Consumption
Hydrogen
Natural Gas
Biodiesel
Compression Ignition Engine
CI Engine
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Spray Droplet Size Distribution
Brake Specific Energy Consumption
BSEC
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Volumetric Efficiency
In-Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Ignition Delay
Nitrogen Oxides
HC Emissions
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Particulate Matter
Smoke Emissions
Engine Load
Blend Ratio
Injection Timing
Fuel Blends
Journal: Fuel
• July 2021
Methanol has emerged as a strong alternate fuel candidate, which can meet future fuel requirements for locomotive traction. Simulation approach is an excellent tool for preliminary technical feasibili...
Methanol
Alternative Fuel
Locomotive Traction
Diesel Displacement
ALCO-251 Engine
Indian Railways
1-D Simulation
GT-Power
Experimental Validation
Engine Notches
Co-Axial Injector
High Pressure Direct Injection
HPDI
Pilot Injection
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Reduction
NOx Emissions
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Torque Characteristics
Pareto Optimization
Fuel Injection System
Simulation-Based Feasibility
Dual-Fuel System
Mineral Diesel
Research Designs and Standards Organization
RDSO
Locomotive Engine Modeling
Injection Timing
Emission Control
Sustainable Transportation
Journal: Fuel
• July 2021
A comprehensive understanding of renewable fuels' spray behavior leads to superior combustion and emission characteristics from internal combustion (IC) engines. This study is aimed at investigating t...
Renewable Fuels
Spray Behavior
Combustion Characteristics
Internal Combustion (IC) Engines
Gasoline
Gasohol
E15
M15
Bu15
Ethanol
Methanol
Butanol
Fuel Injection Pressures (FIPs)
Constant Volume Spray Chamber (CVSC)
Macroscopic Spray Investigations
Engine Combustion Characterization
Brake Torque (MBT) Timing
Comparative Combustion
Soot Particles
Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM)
Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
Trace Metals
Oxygenated Fuels
Fuel Oxygen
Emission Legislation
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Fuel Efficiency
Emissions Control
Spray Simulations
Cleaner Engines
Next-Generation Engines
Fuel Blends
Spray and Combustion Optimization
Fuel Performance
Journal: Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
• July 2020
This paper describes a robust autonomous disinfection tunnel to disinfect external surfaces of COVID-19 virus such as clothes and open body sections in public places such as airports, office complexes...
Autonomous Disinfection Tunnel
COVID-19 Virus Disinfection
Public Health Safety
Clothes Disinfection
Body Surface Disinfection
Airports
Office Complexes
Schools
Malls
Ultrasonic Sensors
Disinfection Chambers
Chemical Disinfectants
Ayurvedic Herbal Disinfectants
Far-Ultraviolet C Rays
Hot Air Disinfection
Industry-Academia Collaboration
Technopark@iitk
ALIMCO
Ministry of Human Resources Development
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Techno Advanced Disinfection Tunnel (TADT)
Autonomous Systems for Virus Neutralization
Public Hygiene Solutions
Efficient Disinfection Process
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• July 2020
Laser ignition (LI) is emerging as a strong technology to control the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from spark ignition (SI) engines without the need for any significant exhaust gas after-treatme...
Laser Ignition
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx Emissions
Spark Ignition Engine
Exhaust Gas After-Treatment
Particulate Characteristics
Compressed Natural Gas
Hydrogen
HCNG
Engine Load
Particle Emissions
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
Nucleation Mode Particle
Particle Number Concentration
Number-Size Distribution
Surface Area-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
Lubricating Oil
Total Particle Mass
Total Particle Number
Engine Operating Condition
Particulate Reduction
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• July 2020
This study aims to assess the microscopic characteristics of Jatropha, Karanja, and Waste cooking oil-based biodiesels vis-a-vis conventional diesel under different ambient conditions in order to unde...
Microscopic Spray Characteristics
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Conventional Diesel
Compression Ignition Engine
In-Cylinder Processes
Common-Rail Direct Injection
CRDI System
Fuel Injection Pressure
40 MPa Injection Pressure
Phase Doppler Interferometer
PDI Measurement
Axial Spray Characteristics
Radial Spray Characteristics
Sauter Mean Diameter
Spray Droplet Size
Droplet Velocity
Fuel Viscosity
Surface Tension
Baseline Mineral Diesel
Spray Dynamics
Injection System Optimization
Alternative Fuels
Biofuel Combustion
Fuel Atomization
Sustainable Energy
Renewable Fuels
Spray Morphology Analysis
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• July 2019
Engine noise and vibrations are influenced by engine’s combustion characteristics in addition to contributions from moving components. Combustion characteristics in-turn depend on various parameters s...
Ngine Noise
Engine Vibration
Combustion Characteristics
Fuel Type
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Spark Timing
Methanol
Gasoline
Methanol-Gasoline Blends
GDI Engine
In-Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Pressure Rise Rate
Cumulative Heat Release
Fuel Blending
Renewable Fuels
Octane Rating
Combustion Optimization
Noise and Vibration Correlation
Engine Performance
Alternative Fuels
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• July 2019
In this experimental study, a production grade engine was modified to operate in two combustion modes, namely conventional diesel combustion (CDC) and premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combu...
Diesel Combustion
Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC)
Engine Load
Fuel Injection Parameters
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
B20
Biodiesel
Emission Characteristics
NOx Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Engine Performance
SO2
HCHO
Aromatic Compounds
Particulate Number Distribution
Accumulation Mode Particles
Nucleation Mode Particles
Fuel Blending
Transition Combustion Modes
Test Cycle
Engine Modifications
Environmental Impact
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• July 2018
In this experimental study, spray and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder optical engine were evaluated by varying the fuel injection pressure (FIP) (40, 80, and 120 MPa). Karanja, Jatroph...
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Biodiesel Fuels
Karanja Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) Biodiesel
Spray Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Optical Engine
Spray Cone Angles
Injection Delay
Flame Luminosity
Flame Spatial Fluctuation (FSF)
Flame Nonhomogeneity (FNH)
Mineral Diesel
Flame Behavior
Spray Penetration
Engine Performance
Biofuels
Combustion Dynamics
Viscosity
Fuel Comparison
Engine Injection Systems
Fuel Atomization
Alternative Fuels
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• July 2017
Universal concerns about degradation in ambient environment, stringent emission legislations, depletion of petroleum reserves, security of fuel supply and global warming have motivated research and de...
Low Temperature Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Combustion Concepts
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Specific Fuel Consumption
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rate
Fuel Preparation
Homogeneous Charge
Renewable Fuels
Conventional Fuels
Mineral Diesel
Gasoline-like Fuels
Combustion Characteristics
Heat Release Rate
Combustion Duration
Knock Characteristics
Fuel Conversion Efficiencies
Combustion Instability
Emission Characteristics
PM Emissions
NOx Emissions
Combustion Control Strategies
Combustion Timing
Commercialization
Engine Design
Fuel Induction System
Journal: Progress in Energy and Combustion Science
• July 2017
Biodiesel is receiving serious attention globally as a potential alternative fuel for replacing mineral diesel, partially or fully. In this review paper, most prominent methods of biodiesel production...
Low Temperature Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Combustion Concepts
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Specific Fuel Consumption
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rate
Fuel Preparation
Homogeneous Charge
Renewable Fuels
Conventional Fuels
Mineral Diesel
Gasoline-like Fuels
Combustion Characteristics
Heat Release Rate
Combustion Duration
Knock Characteristics
Fuel Conversion Efficiencies
Combustion Instability
Emission Characteristics
PM Emissions
NOx Emissions
Combustion Control Strategies
Combustion Timing
Commercialization
Engine Design
Fuel Induction System
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• July 2017
Premixed-charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion is a novel combustion concept, whereby a partially homogeneous fuel–air mixture burns predominantly in a premixed combustion phase, which results...
Low Temperature Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
Alternative Combustion Concepts
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Specific Fuel Consumption
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rate
Fuel Preparation
Homogeneous Charge
Renewable Fuels
Conventional Fuels
Mineral Diesel
Gasoline-like Fuels
Combustion Characteristics
Heat Release Rate
Combustion Duration
Knock Characteristics
Fuel Conversion Efficiencies
Combustion Instability
Emission Characteristics
PM Emissions
NOx Emissions
Combustion Control Strategies
Combustion Timing
Commercialization
Engine Design
Fuel Induction System
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• July 2015
Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most promising alternative fuel to mineral diesel in last two decades globally. Lower blends of biodiesel emit fewer pollutants, while easing pressure on scarce pet...
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel Blends
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Matter
Nanoparticles
Compression Ignition Engines
Emission Legislation
Common Rail Direct Injection Engine
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Particulate Size-Surface Area Distribution
Engine Speed
Engine Load
Total Particulate Number Concentration
Sports Utility Vehicle
Fuel Injection Pressure
PM Emissions
Biodiesel Emission Characteristics
Diesel Engines
Sustainable Fuels
Renewable Energy
Journal: International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology
• July 2015
This paper presents experimental results of a newly developed compressed natural gas (CNG) fuelled direct injection (DI) engine, which was developed by modifying a single cylinder CI engine. Major mod...
Compressed Natural Gas
Direct Injection
Single Cylinder CI Engine
Cylinder Head Modification
Piston Modification
Electronic CNG Injection System
Capacitive Discharge Ignition
Fuel Injection Pressure
Engine Speed
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Start Of Injection
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
Engine Load
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Rate Of Heat Release
Fuel Injection Timing
Advanced Injection
Retarded Injection
Combustion Efficiency
Journal: Optics and Lasers in Engineering
• July 2014
Laser ignition of compressed natural gas–air mixtures was investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) as well as in a single cylinder engine. Laser ignition has several potential advan...
Laser Ignition
Compressed Natural Gas
Air Mixtures
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Single Cylinder Engine
Spark Ignition
Optical Breakdown
Plasma Generation
Ignition Energy
Pressure Rise
Focal Length
Beam Quality
Laser Wavelength
Energy Density
Flame Kernel
Combustion Duration
Minimum Ignition Energy
Laser Parameters
Combustion Optimization
Beam Diameter
Converging Lens
Focusing Lens
Rate of Pressure Rise
Laser Optimization
Energy Density at Focal Spot
Combustion Chamber.Laser Ignition
Combustion Chamber
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• July 2009
Straight vegetable oil utilization as a diesel engine fuel has the advantages of eliminating the energy, time, and cost involved in biodiesel production. Since straight vegetable oils have quite high...
Straight Vegetable Oil
Diesel Engine Fuel
Biodiesel Production
High Viscosity
Combustion Properties
Heat Exchanger
Exhaust Gas Waste Heat
Preheated Karanja Oil
Carbon Deposits
Engine Wear
Lubricating Oil
Endurance Test
Engine Components
Piston Merit Rating
Lubricating Oil Properties
Density
Viscosity
Flash Point
Carbon Residue
Ash Content
Copper Corrosion
Pentane Insolubility
Benzene Insolubility
Cylinder Liner Wear
Piston Rings
Gudgeon Pin
Bearings
Karanja Oil
Mineral Diesel
Journal: Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs
• July 2005
The development of hip joint materials is one of the most challenging problems to prostheses technology in this millennium. Several types of materials have been developed for this purpose. The materia...
Hip Joint Materials
Prostheses Technology
Glass
Polymer
PTFE
Teflon
UHMWPE
Metal
Stainless Steel
CoCr Alloy
CoCrMo Alloy
Ceramics
Alumina
Zirconia
Ti-coated Ceramic Alloys
HIPed Al2O3
Composite Materials
Apatite Materials
Hydroxyapatite
HA
Hip Joint Replacement
Hip Arthroplasty
Femoral Stem
Acetabular Cup
Total Hip Arthroplasty
THA
Technical Improvement
Alternative Joint Bearings
Charnley Technique
Low-friction UHMWPE-on-metal
Total Hip Replacement
THR
Material Development
Chronological Efforts
Historical Developments
Research Trends
Material Design
Modern Prostheses
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• July 2003
Biodiesel is prepared using linseed oil and methanol by the process of transesterification. Use of linseed oil methyl ester (LOME) in a compression ignition engine was found to develop a highly compat...
Linseed Oil
Methanol
Transesterification
Linseed Oil Methyl Ester (LOME)
Biodiesel Blends
Compression Ignition Engine
Lubricating Oil
Long-Term Endurance Tests
Elemental Analysis
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Metal Debris Concentration
Wear Metals
Ferrography
Lubricity
Wear Testing
SRV Optimol Wear Tester
Coefficient of Friction
Specific Wear Rates
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Wear Damage
Biodiesel Lubricating Properties
Engine Component Durability
Fuel Performance
Biodiesel Engine System
Engine Wear Reduction
Journal: International Journal of Automotive Technology
• January 2023
Compression-ignition (CI) engines have been utilised in transport and power generation sectors due to their excellent thermal efficiency, robustness and durability. However, the rapid depletion of cru...
Compression-Ignition (CI) Engines
Thermal Efficiency
Biodiesel
Renewable Fuels
Alternative Fuels
Environmental Concerns
Crude Oil Depletion
Biodiesel Feedstocks
Soybean
Rapeseed
Waste Cooking Oil
Biodiesel Emissions
Unburned Hydrocarbons
Carbon Monoxide
Particulate Matter (PM)
Biodiesel Blends
Engine Modifications
Emission Reductions
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Engine Applications
Operating Conditions
Engine Types
Fuel Properties
Fuel Distribution Infrastructure
Biodiesel Performance
Experimental Research
Emission Control
Engine Optimization
Sustainable Fuels
Journal: Energy
• January 2023
The macroscopic spray characteristics and internal structure of a highly expanded compressed natural gas (Methane; CH4) spray were experimentally and numerically investigated. The spray jet characteri...
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Methane (CH4)
Spray Characteristics
Shockwave Structure
Injection Pressure
Pressure Ratio (PR)
Schlieren Imaging
Spray Development
Choking Phenomenon
Gas Flow
Injection Duration
Spray Tip Penetration
Mach Disk
Spray Volume
Spray Area
Mach Disk Height
Mach Disk Width
Spray Angle
Triple-Point Angle
Gas Spray Development
Energy Conservation
Energy Transfer Efficiency
Gaseous Injection System
Charge Mixing
Intake Manifold
Air Turbulence
Internal Combustion Engines
Journal: Fuel
• January 2022
The use of oxygenated fuels, including ethanol, methanol, diethyl ether (DEE), and dimethyl ether (DME) in CI engines has emerged as an effective way to reduce CO, HC, and PM emissions. DEE, in partic...
Oxygenated Fuels
Ethanol
Methanol
Diethyl Ether
DEE
Dimethyl Ether
DME
CI Engines
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
PM Emissions
DEE-Diesel Blends
Off-Road Tractor Engine
Unregulated Emissions
NOx
NO
NO2
Hydrocarbons
N-Pentane
N-Octane
Iso-Butene
Sulfur Dioxide
Formic Acid
Formaldehyde
Particulate Emissions
Total Particle Mass
TPM
Total Particle Number
TPN
Particle Size Distribution
Count Mean Diameter
CMD
Engine Speed
Engine Load
PM-NOx Trade-Off
Fuel Injection Equipment
Diesel Blends
Journal: Fuel
• January 2022
Modifications and improvements in fuel properties have become imperative to reduce engine-out emissions to comply with the existing and upcoming emission norms. Previous studies have demonstrated that...
Oxygenated Fuels
Di-Ethyl Ether
Diesel Blends
Combustion Performance
Engine Emissions
CI Engine
Tractor Engines
Fuel Modifications
Emission Norms
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Brake Specific Energy Consumption
BSNOx Emissions
DEE-Diesel Blends
Combustion Duration
Engine Load
In-Cylinder Pressure
Diesel Substitution
Engine Performance
Agricultural Sector
Fuel Blends
Diesel Augmentation
Emission Reduction
Engine Hardware Modifications
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• January 2020
Internal combustion (IC) engines operating on fossil fuel oil provide about 25% of the world’s power (about 3000 out of 13,000 million tons oil equivalent per year—see Figure 1), and in doing so, they...
Ternal Combustion Engine
Fossil Fuel
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Fuel Consumption
Emissions Reduction
Engine Technology
Electric Drive Vehicles
Transportation Sector
Emission Scandals
Engine Research
Technological Advances
Peer-Reviewed Articles
Vehicle Emissions
IC Engine Alternatives
Sustainable Transportation
GHG Emission Reduction
Vehicle Efficiency
Fuel Efficiency
Power Generation
Energy Consumption
Journal: Fuel
• January 2019
In the present study, comparison of performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a single cylinder compression ignition (CI) genset engine fueled by biodiesels derived from Waste cooking oi...
Single Cylinder Engine
Compression Ignition (CI)
Genset Engine
Biodiesels
Waste Cooking Oil (WCO)
Jatropha Oil
Karanja Oil
Mineral Diesel
Performance Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Smoke Opacity
Particulate Emissions
Trace Metal Analysis
Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
Engine Load
Trace Metals
Ca
Cu
Fe
K
Mg
Na
Zn
Al
Ba
Cd
Cr
Journal: Fuel
• January 2019
This study investigates the effect of biodiesel fuels on morphological characteristics of soot particles from spray flame in a constant volume combustion chamber. The experiments were carried out unde...
Biodiesel Fuels
Soot Particles
Morphological Characteristics
Spray Flame
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Diesel Engine Simulation
Auto-Ignition
Ambient Pressure
Ambient Temperature
Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Thermophoretic Effect
Primary Particle Diameter
Graphene Layer
Fringe Length
Fringe Tortuosity
Fringe Spacing
Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Conventional Diesel
Injection Pressure
Common-Rail Injection System
Nano-Structural Parameters
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2018
In-cylinder flows in internal combustion (IC) engines have always been a focus of study in order to gain better understanding of fuel–air mixing process and combustion optimization. Different conventi...
In-Cylinder Flows
Internal Combustion Engine
Fuel-Air Mixing
Combustion Optimization
Hot Wire Anemometry (HWA)
Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA)
Numerical Simulations
Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV)
Single-Cylinder Engine
Flow Evolution
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
Ultra-Fine Graphite Particles
High Energy Nd:YLF Laser
Flowfield Reconstruction
Multiplicative Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (MART)
Flow Visualization
Engine Cycle
Velocity Vectors
Turbulence
Homogeneity
Injector
Valve
Out-of-Plane Velocity (Vz)
Engine Cylinder Flow Dynamics
Fluid Mechanics
Journal: Tribology International
• January 2017
Epoxy-based composites are promising tribological coatings. The tribological properties of epoxy composites with filler materials such as graphene, graphite, and liquid lubricants (base-oil SN150 and...
Epoxy-Based Composites
Tribological Coatings
Filler Materials
Graphene
Graphite
Liquid Lubricants
Base-Oil SN150
Perfluoropolyether
Cylindrical Steel Surface
Steel Ball Counterface
Coefficient of Friction
Wear Cycles
Specific Wear Rate
Linear Sliding Speed
Normal Load
Tribological Properties
Wear Resistance
Speed Effects on Friction
Composite Coatings
Lubricant Performance
Journal: Energy
• January 2017
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of blending ratio of Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) on spray characteristics and to analyze the engine performance and exhaust emissions of Kar...
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME)
Biodiesel Blend
Spray Characteristics
Injection Pressure
Injection Rate
Spray Visualization
Engine Performance
Exhaust Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Spray Evolution
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Brake-Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Max Torque
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Heating Value
Karanja Biodiesel
Diesel Comparison
Fuel Blending Ratio
Spray Penetration
Journal: Fuel
• January 2017
Particulates emitted by a transportation diesel engine fuelled with Karanja biodiesel blend (20% v/v biodiesel blended with 80% v/v mineral diesel) were tested for the trace metal content and inorgani...
Particulates
Diesel Engine
Karanja Biodiesel
Mineral Diesel
Trace Metals
Inorganic Ions
Nitrates
Chlorides
Fluorides
Sulphates
Engine Load
Particulate Emissions
Morphology
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEM
Biodiesel Blend
Emission Characteristics
Fuel Blending
Exhaust Particulate
Quartz Filter
Fuel Combustion
Environmental Impact
Journal: Science of The Total Environment
• January 2017
Two new formulations of non-noble metal based diesel oxidation catalysts based on Cosingle bondCe based mixed oxide (DOC2) and perovskite catalysts (DOC3) were prepared and retrofitted in a 4-cylinder...
Non-Noble Metal
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
Cosingle bondCe Mixed Oxide
Perovskite Catalysts
Diesel Engine
Karanja Biodiesel Blend
Emission Reduction
Particulate Emissions
Particle Number-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
Surface Area-Size Distribution
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Particle Concentration
Count Mean Diameter
DOC Performance
Fuel Specific
Noble Metal Catalysts
Biodiesel Fuels
Catalyst Effectiveness
Diesel Exhaust
Emission Control
Journal: Energy
• January 2017
Decline in global resources of petroleum based fuels such as diesel and gasoline have attracted attention of researchers towards alternative fuels which are capable of providing both, energy security...
Alternative Fuels
Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
JB100
JB20
Diesel Engine Fuels
Oxygenated Fuels
Energy Security
Environmental Protection
Emission Reduction
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Particulate Matter Reduction
Compression Ignition Engine
Soot Formation
NOx Emissions
In-Situ Spatial Distribution
Combustion Characteristics
Endoscopic Visualization
Flame Temperature Distribution
Engine Load Effects
Biodiesel Blending
Mineral Diesel Comparison
Sustainable Combustion
Clean Diesel Technology
Renewable Fuels
Green Energy Solutions
Prototype Engine Testing
Advanced Combustion Diagnostics
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2016
Biofuels produced from nonedible sources that are cultivated on marginal lands represent a viable source of renewable and carbon-neutral energy. In this context, biodiesel obtained from Jatropha and K...
Biofuels
Nonedible Sources
Marginal Lands
Renewable Energy
Carbon-Neutral Energy
Jatropha Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Diesel Blends
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Oxidative Stability
Long-Term Storage
Methyl Esters
Compression Ignition Engine
Single Cylinder Engine
Engine Experiments
South Asian Subcontinent
High Oil Content
Biodiesel Production
Sustainable Energy
IIT Kanpur
Argonne National Laboratory
Engine Efficiency.Biofuels
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• January 2016
For improving engine performance and emissions, researchers are improving combustion; and developing sustainable fuels in order to ensure global energy security. In this experimental investigation, a...
Hydrogen Fueled Engine
Port Fuel Injection
Laser Ignition System
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Pulse Energy
Laser Pulse Duration
Combustion Optimization
Lean Mixtures
NOx Emissions Reduction
Hydrogen-Air Mixture
Engine Performance
Emissions Characteristics
Sustainable Fuels
Experimental Investigation
Laser Spark Ignition
Energy Efficiency
Engine Combustion
Plasma Location
Fuel Flexibility
Hydrogen Combustion
Laser Ignition Optimization
Environmental Impact
Advanced Ignition Systems
Engine Emissions Control
Hydrogen as Fuel
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2015
Biofuels are attracting global attention as alternate transportation fuels due to advantages of their being produced from locally available renewable resources, lower pollution potential, and biodegra...
Biofuels
Alternate Transportation Fuels
Renewable Resources
Lower Pollution
Biodegradable Nature
Butanol
Competitive Biofuels
Transportation Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engines
Higher Engine Efficiency
Ultralow NOx Emissions
Particulate Matter Reduction
Experimental Study
Performance Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
N-Butanol
Four Cylinder Diesel Engine
Modified Engine Cylinder
Port Fuel Injection
Homogeneous Charge Preparation
Intake Manifold
Auto-Ignition
Intake Air Preheating
In-Cylinder Pressure
Crank Angle Data
Heat Release Analysis
Exhaust Emission Measurements
Intake Air Temperature
Air-Fuel Ratio
Thermal Efficiency
Combustion Efficiency
Ringing Intensity
Empirical Correlations
Experimental Data Analysis
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• January 2015
Alcohols (ethanol and methanol) are being widely considered as alternative fuels for automotive applications. At the same time, homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted glob...
Alcohol Fuels
Ethanol
Methanol
Alternative Fuels
Automotive Applications
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engine
High Engine Efficiency
Ultralow Emissions
Particulate Matter
PM Emissions
PM Size-Number Distribution
Environmental Legislation
Emission Norms
PM Number Concentration
Four-Cylinder Diesel Engine
Modified Engine Cylinder
Port Fuel Injection
Homogeneous Charge Preparation
Intake Air Preheating
Auto-Ignition
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
EEPS
Soot Particle Measurement
Engine Operating Conditions
Intake Air Temperature
Air-Fuel Ratio
Count Mean Diameter
Total PM Numbers
Gasoline
Alcohol Combustion
Particle Number Emissions
Rich Mixtures
Engine Speed
Experimental Investigation
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• January 2014
Laser ignition of hydrogen–air mixture was carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) at 10 bar initial chamber filling pressure and 373 K chamber temperature. A Q-switched Nd:YAG lase...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen-Air Mixture
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
CVCC
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Pulse Duration
Plasma Generation
Flammability Limits
Pressure-Time History
Flame Kernel Development
Shadowgraphy
Flame Propagation Distance
Minimum Ignition Energy
Air-Fuel Ratios
Laser Pulse Energy
Combustion Rate
Peak Cylinder Pressure
Hydrogen Combustion
Journal: Measurement
• January 2013
Several parameters derived from heat release analysis are used for combustion diagnostics and control in internal combustion engines. It is important to tune the input parameters used in heat release...
Combustion Diagnostics
Heat Release Analysis
Internal Combustion Engines
Combustion Control
Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Motoring
Cumulative Heat Release
Parameter Tuning
Intake Air Temperature
Intake Air Pressure
Compression Ratio
Crank Angle Position
Heat Transfer Coefficient
IMEP
Combustion Phasing
Combustion Duration
Maximum Mean Gas Temperature
Online Combustion Analysis
Measurement Error
HCCI Engine
Combustion Performance
Journal: Thermal Science
• January 2013
The combustion and emission characteristics of vegetable oils and derivatives are quite different from mineral diesel due to their relatively high viscosity, density and vaporisation characteristics....
Jatropha Oil
Spray Characterization
Spray Tip Penetration
Spray Cone Angle
Spray Area
Fuel Atomization
Jatropha Biodiesel
Chamber Pressure
Fuel Blends
Optical Techniques
Spray Visualization
Image Processing
Combustion Chamber
Cold Chamber
Fuel Spray Interaction
High Viscosity
Spray Parameters
Diesel Blends
Fuel Atomization Characteristics
Journal: Atmospheric Environment
• January 2012
There is a global concern about adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) originating from diesel engine exhaust. In the current study, parametric investigations were carried out using a CRDI...
Diesel Engine
CRDI
Biodiesel Blend
Karanja Oil
Particulate Matter
PM Emissions
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Trace Metals
ICP-OES
Organic Carbon (OC)
Elemental Carbon (EC)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Health Effects
Emission Control
Fuel Blends
Particulate Emissions
Toxicity Assessment
Environmental Impact
Engine Performance
Real-Time Measurements
Combustion Analysis
Journal: Applied Energy
• January 2012
Combustion instability and cyclic variations lead to the requirement of closed loop control for use of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine technology for automotive applications. The...
HCCI Engine
Combustion Instability
Cyclic Variations
Closed Loop Control
Combustion Timing
Heat Release Parameters
Maximum Rate of Heat Release
ROHRmax
Mass Burn Fraction
MBF
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure
IMEP
Gasoline
Methanol
Statistical Techniques
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations
Coefficient of Variation
COV
Standard Deviation
Air-Fuel Ratio
Intake Air Temperature
Engine Speed
CA50
Crank Angle
Fuel Combustion Phasing
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2012
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an advanced combustion concept that is developed as an alternative to diesel engines with higher thermal efficiency along with ultralow NOx and PM emi...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Advanced Combustion Concept
Diesel Engines
Thermal Efficiency
Ultrulow NOx Emissions
PM Emissions
Two Cylinder Engine
Conventional CI Mode
Homogeneous Mixture
Air-Fuel Mixture
Low Volatility
Diesel Vaporizer
Electronic Control System
Fuel Injection Parameters
Injection Timing
Injection Delay
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR Conditions
Emission Characteristics
NOx Reduction
Smoke Reduction
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
Combustion Rate
Emission Behavior
Performance
Journal: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
• January 2011
ABSTRACT Poor oxidation stability is the central problem associated with the commercial acceptance of the biodiesel. The EU standard (EN14214) specifies a minimum value of 6 h for biodiesel induction...
Biodiesel
Oxidation Stability
Poor Oxidation Stability
Commercial Acceptance
EU Standard
EN14214
Induction Period
Rancimat Instrument
Antioxidants
Storage Stability
Exothermic Oxidation
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis
TGA
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
DSC
Methyl Esters
Karanja Biodiesel
Neem Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Onset Temperature
Pyrogalol
Antioxidant Dosage
Biodiesel-Diesel Blends
Pongamia Pinnata
Azadirachta Indica
Jatropha Curcas
Performance Testing
Emission Testing
IDI Diesel Engine
Total Hydrocarbon Emissions
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Thermal Efficiency
Renewable Fuels
Alternative Energy
Fuel Stability
Sustainable Combustion
Biofuel Emissions
Engine Performance
Exhaust Emissions
Biofuel Degradation
Oxidative Stability Enhancement
Journal: International Energy Journal
• January 2011
Alternative energy sources need to be developed in order to meet the increasing demand for fossil fuels. Furthermore, from environmental perspective, these new resources of energy must be environment...
Alternative Energy Sources
Fossil Fuel Demand
Environmental Sustainability
Biomass Energy
Vegetable Oils
Mineral Diesel Substitute
Neem Oil Biodiesel
High Free Fatty Acid
Base Catalyzed Transesterification
Biodiesel Production
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Thermal Properties
Direct Injection Engine
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Thermal Efficiency
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
Combustion Start
Ignition Delay
Combustion Duration
Fuel Atomization
Renewable Transport Fuel
Biofuel Combustion
Diesel Engine Optimization
Alternative Fuel Blends
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials
• January 2010
This study investigates the development and potential application of activated carbon fibers (ACF) functionalized with ammonia for control of NO and particulate matter (PM) in diesel engine exhaust. A...
Activated Carbon Fibers
ACF Functionalization
Ammonia
Nitrogen Oxides
NO Oxidation
Particulate Matter
PM Removal
Diesel Engine Exhaust
Tubular Reactor
Aqueous Ammonia
Pyridine
Amine
Engine Load
Temperature
PM Capturing Efficiency
Experimental Investigation
Transport Model
NO Conversion
Pollutant Control
Homogeneous Pollutants
Heterogeneous Pollutants
Emissions Control
Diesel Engine Emissions
Ammonia Functionalized ACF
Environmental Impact
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• January 2010
Vegetable oils have an energy content suitable for use as a fuel in diesel engines. Some of these oils have already been evaluated as substitutes for diesel fuels. However, several operational and dur...
Vegetable Oils
Diesel Engines
Karanja Oil
Transesterification
Fuel Blending
Exhaust Gas Preheating
Viscosity Reduction
Combustion Performance
Emission Characteristics
Compression Ignition Engine
Cylinder Pressure Rise
Heat Release
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Thermal Efficiency
Emission Reduction
CO2 Emissions
CO Emissions
Hydrocarbon Emissions
NOx Emissions
Diesel Substitutes
Fuel Efficiency
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Preheated Vegetable Oils
Alternative Fuels
Engine Durability
Journal: Applied Energy
• January 2009
An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with Karanja oil and its blends (10%, 20%, 50% and 7...
Compression Ignition Engine
Karanja Oil
Biodiesel Blends
Mineral Diesel
Viscosity Reduction
Preheating
Heat Exchanger
Waste Heat
Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC)
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Exhaust Emissions
CO
HC
NO
Smoke Opacity
Single Cylinder Engine
Agricultural Sector
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Performance Parameters
Comparative Evaluation
Engine Load
Diesel Replacement
Renewable Fuel
Journal: Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
• January 2009
The interface between the piston rings and cylinder liner plays an important role in total frictional losses and mechanical wear of internal combustion engines and is increasingly coming under scrutin...
Piston Rings
Cylinder Liner
Frictional Losses
Mechanical Wear
Internal Combustion Engine
Particulate Emission Standards
Capacitance Method
Oil Film Thickness
Piston Ring-Liner Interface
Probe Measurement
Dielectric Constant
Lubricating Oil
Capacitive Micro-Sensor
Sensor Design
Engine Instrumentation
Motored Engine
Firing Engine
TDC (Top Dead Center)
BDC (Bottom Dead Center)
Lubricating Oil Film Variations
Piston Tilt
Engine Speed
Stroke Position
Engine Performance
Measurement Accuracy
Oil Film Thickness Variation
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2009
Vegetable oils have energy content suitable to be used as compression ignition (CI) engine fuel. However, several operational and durability problems of using straight vegetable oils in CI engines are...
Vegetable Oils
Compression Ignition Engine
Straight Vegetable Oil
Jatropha Oil
Biodiesel
Transesterification
Viscosity
Exhaust Gas Heating
Fuel Blending
Combustion Behavior
Performance
Emission Behavior
Direct Injection Engine
In-Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release
Instantaneous Heat Release
Cumulative Heat Release
Peak Cylinder Pressure
Crank Angle
Combustion Duration
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
NO Emissions
Fuel Blends
Load Conditions
Engine Speed
Diesel Substitution
Fuel Concentration
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
The Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is the third alternative for the combustion in the reciprocating engine. HCCI a hybrid of well-known spark ignition (SI) and compression ignition (CI...
HCCI Combustion
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Spark Ignition
Compression Ignition
Ethanol Port Injection
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Preheated Intake Air
Combustion Parameters
Pressure Time History
Rate Of Pressure Rise
Heat Release Rate
Mean Temperature History
Cycle-To-Cycle Variation
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure
HCCI Operating Region
Air-Fuel Ratio
Controlled Combustion
Low Emission
High Efficiency
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
Biodiesel is being explored as a sustainable renewable fuel for vehicles in India due to mounting foreign exchange expenditure to import crude petroleum. Significant amount of research and development...
Biodiesel
Renewable Fuel
India
Crude Petroleum Import
Sustainable Energy
Engine Compatibility
Modern Engine Technology
Sports Utility Vehicle
BS-III Compliant
IIT Kanpur
Mahindra & Mahindra
Field Trials
Long-Term Performance
Lubricating Oil Analysis
Tribology
Carbon Deposits
Engine Wear
Comparative Emissions
B100
B00
Mineral Diesel
Alternative Fuel
Vehicle Emissions
Lubrication Performance
Engine Durability
Fuel Compatibility
Automotive Research
Sustainable Mobility
Renewable Energy Policy
Transportation Sector
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Environmental Impact
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
The interface between the piston rings and cylinder liner play an important role in total frictional losses and mechanical wear of internal combustion engine and is increasingly coming under scrutiny...
Piston Ring-Cylinder Liner Interface
Frictional Losses
Mechanical Wear
Internal Combustion Engine
Particulate Emission Standards
Capacitance Method
Oil Film Thickness Measurement
Piston Ring Lubrication
Cylinder Liner Friction
Dielectric Constant
Capacitive Micro Sensor
Non-Firing Engine Simulator
Lubricating Oil Film Thickness
Engine Tribology
Piston Tilt Reversal
Upward Stroke
Downward Stroke
Oil Film Variation
Engine Wear Reduction
Lubrication Optimization
Automotive Tribology
Engine Efficiency
Lubrication Monitoring
Engine Component Durability
Oil Film Dynamics
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2008
The scarce and rapidly depleting conventional petroleum resources have promoted research for alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from veget...
Alternative Fuels
Internal Combustion Engines
Vegetable Oils
CO2 Emissions
Petroleum Products
Jatropha Oil
Viscosity Reduction
Diesel Blends
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Engine Durability
Engine Load
Indirect Injection Diesel Engine
Engine Speed
Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release
Jatropha Curcus
Biodiesel
Engine Efficiency
Renewable Energy
Experimental Research
Emission Analysis
Fossil Fuel Substitution
Journal: Materials & Design
• January 2007
The performance of a combustion engine is closely related to the friction force and wear between cylinder liner and piston rings. It is believed that this friction force can be significantly reduced b...
Combustion Engine
Friction Force
Wear
Cylinder Liner
Piston Rings
Surface Topography
Lubricating Oil Consumption
Experimental Studies
Wear Testers
Friction Testers
Non-Firing Engine Simulator
Engine Conditions
Linear Speed
Stroke
Load
Firing Pressures
Wear Behavior
Surface Properties
Production Grade Cylinder Liner
Plateau-Honed
Energy Dispersive Analysis
Materials Transfer
Coefficient of Friction
SRV Wear Tester
Surface Roughness
Piston Ring-Liner Interface
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• January 2004
Thermal loading of diesel engine pistons has increased dramatically in recent years due to applications of various technologies to meet low emission and high power requirements. Control of piston temp...
Diesel Engine Pistons
Thermal Loading
Cooling Technologies
Piston Temperature
Oil Jets
Crankcase Cooling
Piston Seizure
Piston Warping
Boiling Point
Mist Generation
Non-Tail Pipe Emissions
Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UBHC)
CFD Tools
Finite Element Methods
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Oil Type Selection
Jet Velocity
Jet Diameter
Oil Mist Prevention
Computational Fluid Dynamics
Engine Design
Grid Generation
Temperature Profiles
Isotherms
Numerical Modeling
M & M DI 2500 Engine
Journal: Energy
• February 2021
A customized port-fuel-injection (PFI) SI engine was operated in spark ignition (SI) and laser ignition (LI) modes at varying brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) and relative air-fuel ratio (λ) under...
Port-Fuel-Injection
PFI
Spark Ignition Engine
SI Engine
Laser Ignition
LI
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
BMEP
Air-Fuel Ratio
Lambda
Naturally Aspirated Conditions
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG
Dynamic Fuel Mixing System
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Converging Lens
Peak Pressure
Pmax
Top Dead Center
TDC
Rate Of Pressure Rise
RoPR
Heat Release Rate
HRR
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BSFC
Brake Specific Hydrocarbon Emissions
BSHC
Brake Specific NOx Emissions
BSNOx
Hydrogen Fueling
Lean-Burn Combustion
Engine Performance
Emissions Reduction
Alternative Fuels
Journal: Physics of Fluids
• February 2020
Macroscopic spray characteristics of a fuel injection system in an internal combustion (IC) engine have a direct impact on engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics. Nonintrusive i...
Macroscopic Spray Characteristics
Fuel Injection System
Internal Combustion Engine
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Nonintrusive In-Cylinder Measurements
Spray Formation Process
Fuel-Air Mixing
Artium Phase Doppler Interferometer
PDI Measurements
Gasoline Direct Injection
GDI Optical Engine
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
Spray Droplet Size
Velocity Distributions
Binned Average Velocity
Sauter Mean Diameter
Probability Density Function
Droplet Dynamics
Shadowgraphy Images
Spray Boundaries
Spray Evolution
Combustion Chamber Conditions
Engine Simulation Model
Spray Droplet Velocity Components
Traditional Measurements
Firing Engine Conditions
Engine Spray Characteristics
Journal: Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
• February 2020
In the last couple of decades, blending of oxygenated additives with gasoline has been advocated to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and to reduce hazardous health effects of gaseous emissions and pa...
Gasohol
Gasoline-Ethanol Blends
Spark Ignition Engine
Exhaust Particulate Matter
PM Toxicity
Physical Characterization
Chemical Characterization
Biological Characterization
Unregulated Gaseous Species
Sulfur Dioxide
Isocyanic Acid
Particulate Emissions
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Trace Metals
Cytotoxicity
Reactive Oxygen Species
Mutagenicity
Fossil Fuel Reduction
Renewable Fuels
Gaseous Emissions
PM Toxicity Reduction
Environmental Impact
Engine Emissions
Toxicity Analysis
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• February 2020
Methanol fueled internal combustion (IC) engines have attracted significant attention due to their contributions in reducing environmental pollution and fossil fuel consumption. In this study, a singl...
Methanol Fueled Engine
Internal Combustion Engine
MD10 Blend
Methanol-Diesel Blends
Fuel Injection Strategy
Single Pilot Injection
Double Pilot Injection
Start of Main Injection
Crank Angle Timing
Fuel Injection Pressure
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx Emissions
Particulate Reduction
Accumulation Mode Particles
Engine Combustion
Emission Control
Particulate Matter
Methanol as Fuel Additive
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Fossil Fuel Reduction
Environmental Pollution
Combustion Optimization
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• February 2020
Spray analysis is used to characterize the fuel spray evolution and spray shape, which affects in-cylinder combustion and particulate emission characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engines. In...
Spray Analysis
Fuel Spray Evolution
Spray Shape
In-Cylinder Combustion
Particulate Emissions
Compression Ignition Engine
Biodiesel Blends
Mineral Diesel
High-Speed CCD Camera
Fuel Injection Pressure
Ambient Pressure
Spray Penetration Length
Spray Cone Angle
Fuel Properties
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
Engine Experiments
Combustion Efficiency
Particulate Emission Reduction
Fuel Injection Parameters
Single-Cylinder Research Engine
Spray Characterization
Journal: Fuel
• February 2019
Genset engines are popular for power backup as well as for agricultural applications in rural areas. However these engines are noisy and emit toxic pollutants. It is therefore important to develop noi...
Genset Engines
Power Backup
Agricultural Applications
Rural Areas
Noise Reduction
Toxic Pollutants
Noise Regulations
Combustion Characteristics
Noise and Vibration
Soyabean Biofuel
Rapeseed Biofuel
Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
Biodiesel
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Combustion Noise
External Noise
Vibrations
Fuel Comparison
Biofuels
Journal: Fuel
• February 2018
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is considered as one of the most promising alternative fuel used in transport sector worldwide with great potential. However it suffers from the problem of high NOx emissi...
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Lean Combustion
NOx Emissions
Spark Ignition (SI) Engine
Lean Fuel-Air Mixture
Flame Speed
Power Output
Ignition System
Laser Ignition
Air-Fuel Ratio
Compression Ratio
Laser Ignition System
Alternative Ignition System
CNG-Air Mixture
Emission Norms
High Efficiency
High Power Density
Environment-Friendly Engine
Drivability Constraints
Flammability Limit
IC Engines
Transport Applications
Engine Performance
Journal: Journal of Hazardous Materials
• February 2018
In present study, engine exhaust was sampled for measurement and analysis of unregulated emissions from a four cylinder transportation diesel engine using a state-of-the-art FTIR (Fourier transform in...
Unregulated Emissions
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
Diesel Engine
Karanja Biodiesel Blend (B20)
Mineral Diesel
Real-Time Emission Measurements
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs)
Non-Noble Metal Based DOCs
Noble Metal Based DOC
Co-Ce Mixed Oxide Catalyst
Lanthanum Based Perovskite Catalyst
Commercial DOC
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Exhaust Sampling
Engine Exhaust Analysis
Catalyst Performance
Emission Reduction
Environmental Impact
Diesel Engine Emissions
Catalyst Efficiency
Sustainable Diesel Fuels
Biodiesel Emissions
Engine Exhaust Treatment
Journal: Fuel
• February 2017
Laser ignition of gaseous fuels leads to improved lean-burn combustion, which is a key technology in reducing engine out emissions for meeting stringent future emission legislations. Hydrogen enriched...
Laser Ignition
Gaseous Fuels
Lean-Burn Combustion
Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HCNG)
Spark Ignition (SI) Engines
Future Emission Legislations
Flame Kernel Evolution
Combustion Chamber
Constant-Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC)
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Ambient Pressure
Flame Propagation
Lambda (λ)
Hydrogen Fraction
CCD Camera
Shadowgraphy Technique
Flame Speed
Combustion Duration
Combustion Performance
In-Cylinder Pressure
Emission Reduction
Engine Efficiency
HCNG Composition
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• February 2017
Control of harmful pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM)/ soot, carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HC) emitted by diesel engines is essential in order to protect th...
Low Temperature Combustion
LTC
Partially Premixed Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
PHCCI
Compression Ignition Engine
CI Engine
Diesel Engine
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
Particulate Matter
PM
Soot
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Hydrocarbons
HC
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Fuel Vaporizer
Fuel-Air Mixing
Intake Charge Temperature
Ti
Heat Release Rate
HRR
Combustion Phasing
Knocking
Emissions Control
Alternative Combustion Strategies
Engine Performance
Lean-Burn Combustion
Thermal Efficiency
Engine Load
Combustion Chamber Temperature
Emissions Reduction
Advanced Combustion Modes
Sustainable Engine Technologies
Journal: Fuel
• February 2016
CNG (Compressed natural gas) and HCNG (Hydrogen enriched compressed natural gas) have not been investigated extensively for particulate emissions, when they are used as fuel in the internal combustion...
CNG
HCNG
Hydrogen Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
Particulate Emissions
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Spark Ignition Engine
Engine Load
BMEP
Fuel Injection
Engine Speed
Ignition Timing
Particle Size-Number Distribution
Nano-Particles
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer (EEPS)
Particulate Mass Distribution
Particulate Size-Mass Distribution
Accumulation Mode Particles
Coarse Mode Particles
Fuel Fractions
HCNG Compositions
30HCNG
Emission Characteristics
Engine Performance
Nano-Particle Emissions
Size-Surface Area Distribution
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• February 2016
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engine is known for its higher power and higher thermal efficiency. Researchers are steadily determining and resolving the problems of fuel injection in a GDI engine. I...
Gasoline Direct Injection
GDI Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure
PM Emissions
NOx Emissions
Microscopic Spray Characteristics
Fuel-Air Mixing
Mixture Preparation Mechanisms
High-Speed CCD Camera
Spray Penetration Length
Phase Doppler Interferometry
Droplet Size
Droplet Velocity
Sauter Mean Diameter
Probability Density Function
Fuel Injection Pressures
E15 Fuel
Gasoline Fuel
Emission Reduction
Combustion Efficiency
Fuel-Aire Mixture Improvement
SMD
PDF
Fuel Injection Pressure Range
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• February 2015
In this investigation, effect of 10%, 20% and 50% Karanja biodiesel blends on injection rate, atomization, engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of common rail direct injection...
Karanja Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
KOME
Injection Rate
Atomization
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Single Cylinder Research Engine
Fuel Injection Pressure
Start of Injection Timings
Sauter Mean Diameter
D32
Arithmetic Mean Diameter
D10
Fuel Droplets
Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Hydrocarbon
BSHC
Brake Specific Carbon Monoxide
BSCO
Combustion Duration
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Emission Reduction
ECU Recalibration
Hardware Changes
Fuel Density
Fuel Viscosity
Journal: Fuel
• February 2015
Recent emission control legislations restrict the particulate mass emissions as well as particle numbers due to severe adverse health effects of smaller size particulates. Therefore from health perspe...
Particulate Emissions
Emission Control Legislations
Particulate Mass Emissions
Particulate Number Emissions
Health Effects
Alternative Fuel
Karanja Biodiesel
Biodiesel Blends
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Particulate Size-Surface Area Distribution
Total Particulate Number Concentration
Engine Operating Conditions
Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine
Engine Speed
Peak Number Concentration
KOME100
KOME10
Emission Reduction
Biodiesel Performance
Sustainable Fuel
Renewable Energy
Air Pollution
Diesel Engine Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Environmental Impact
Green Transportation
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• February 2015
Increasing population and demand for fossil fuels is leading to rapid depletion of petroleum reserves. Hydrogen has great promise as an alternative fuel for powering next generation internal combustio...
Hydrogen Fuel
Alternative Fuel
Internal Combustion Engines
Laser Ignition
Ignition Techniques
Engine Efficiency
Reduced Emissions
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Fossil Fuel Depletion
Combustion Initiation
Prototype Engine
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Combustion Parameters
Spark Ignition
Baseline Comparison
Sustainable Energy
Renewable Fuel
Green Transportation
Advanced Ignition Systems
Thermal Efficiency
Hydrogen Combustion
Zero-Carbon Fuel
Future Mobility
Clean Energy Solutions
Journal: Particuology
• February 2015
In congested urban roads, cars must stop at intersections because of city traffic lights. As a result, pedestrians and traffic police personnel are exposed to pollutants emanating from the tailpipe of...
Urban Traffic Pollution
Vehicle Emissions
Gasoline Engines
Diesel Engines
City Traffic Junctions
Tailpipe Emissions
Particulate Matter
Trace Metals
Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Engine Idling
Traffic Lights
Emission Standards
Traffic Pollution Exposure
Real-Time Emission Measurements
Particulate Size Distribution
Regulated Emissions
Smoke Opacity
Gravimetric Analysis
Urban Air Quality
Engine Speed
Vehicular Pollution Control
Exhaust Characterization
Idle Emissions
Particle Number Concentration
Total Particulate Mass
Journal: Fuel
• February 2015
In this study, biodiesels from four different locally available Indian feedstocks have been characterized for their physical, chemical and thermal properties. Gas chromatography (GC) has been done to...
Biodiesel Characterization
Indian Feedstocks
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Thermal Properties
Gas Chromatography
Ester Composition
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis
Vaporization Characteristics
Latent Heat Of Vaporization
Critical Properties
Locomotive Diesel Engines
Indian Railways
Fuel Temperature
Density
Viscosity
Speed Of Sound
Bulk Modulus Of Compressibility
Surface Tension
Temperature Dependent Properties
Fuel Injection
Combustion Characteristics
Mineral Diesel Comparison
Alternative Fuels
Renewable Energy
Biodiesel Correlations
Journal: Particuology
• February 2015
Two-wheeler vehicles are an important mode of transportation in developing countries. However, the emissions from two-wheeler vehicles are significant. Urban two-wheeler vehicles with gasoline-fueled...
Two-Wheeler Vehicles
Exhaust Emissions
Gravimetric Measurements
Particulate Mass
Engine Speed
Traffic Junction
Engine Capacity
NOx Emissions
Particulate Matter
Online Measurements
Particle Number and Size Distribution
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Trace Elements
Smoke Opacity
Nano-Particles
Gaseous Emissions
Engine Capacity Effect
Health Impact
Urban Air Quality
Traffic Stops
Environmental Impact
Emission Control
Particle-Bound PAH Concentration
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• February 2014
An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of engine operating parameters on exhaust particulate size–number distribution in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Engine
Gasoline
N-Butanol
Alternative Fuels
Port Fuel Injection
Intake Air Preheating
Auto-Ignition
Exhaust Particulate
Size-Number Distribution
Particle Sizer
Engine Exhaust Emissions
Air-Fuel Ratio
Engine Speed
Particulate Matter
Size-Surface Area Distribution
Total Particulate Number Concentration
Mobility Diameter
Peak Number Concentration
Count Mean Diameter
Nano-Particles
Emission Reduction
Combustion Characteristics
Renewable Fuels
Sustainable Combustion
Advanced Engine Diagnostics
Clean Energy Solutions
Low-Emission Engine Technology
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• February 2013
Vegetable oils and their esters (biodiesel) undergo oxidation and degenerate more quickly than mineral diesel. The unsaturated fatty acids present in vegetable oils are susceptible to oxidation. One o...
Vegetable Oils
Biodiesel
Oxidation Stability
Storage Stability
Antioxidants
Karanja Oil Methyl Esters
Storage Conditions
Rancimat
Long-Term Storage
Oxidation Reactions
Synthetic Antioxidants
Biodiesel Quality
Oxidation Stability Measurement
BHT
BHA
TBHQ
PY
PG
Biodiesel Production
Non-Edible Oil
Sunlight Exposure
Air-Tight Storage
Metal Exposure
Biodiesel Storage Conditions
EU Biodiesel Standard
Engine Performance
Antioxidant Effectiveness
Oxidation Stability Specification
Journal: Journal of ASTM International
• February 2010
Straight vegetable oil utilization as diesel engine fuel has the advantage of eliminating the energy, time, and cost involved in biodiesel production. Since straight vegetable oils have relatively hig...
Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
Diesel Engine Fuel
Biodiesel Production
Viscosity Reduction
Jatropha Oil
Heat Exchanger
Engine Exhaust Gas
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Carbon Deposits
Wear of Engine Parts
Lubricating Oil Properties
Long-Term Endurance Test
Lubricant Analysis
Jatropha Oil (J100)
50% Jatropha Blend (J50)
Mineral Diesel
Lubricant Density
Viscosity
Flash Point
Carbon Residue
Ash Content
Copper Corrosion
Pentane and Benzene Insoluble Measurements
Cylinder Liner Wear
Piston Diameter
Piston Rings
Gudgeon Pin
Small and Big-End Bearings
Oxidation of Lubricating Oil
Oil Life Depletion
Wear Comparison
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• February 2006
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is a technique, which is being used widely to reduce and control the NOx emissions from diesel engines. However, the use of EGR leads to rise in soot emission because o...
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
NOx Emissions
Diesel Engines
Soot Emissions
Soot-NOx Trade-off
Lubricating Oil
Engine Wear
Experimental Investigation
Lubricating Oil Characteristics
Engine Operation
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Soot Loading
Metal Contamination
Carbon Deposits
Wear Analysis
EGR Impact
Engine Performance
Engine Degradation
Comparative Study
Carbon Content
Metal Addition
Oil Sample Analysis
Engine Wear Monitoring
Journal: Science of The Total Environment
• December 2023
Methanol adaptation in the transport sector is being encouraged worldwide. Methanol, a high-octane fuel, is emerging as a strong fuel candidate for powering spark-ignition (SI) engines and it can be i...
Methanol Adaptation
High-Octane Fuel
Spark-Ignition Engine
Agricultural Biomass Waste
High-Ash Coal
M15 Fuel Blend
Bharat Stage-VI
BS-VI 2020
Light-Duty Engine
Multipoint Port Fuel Injection
Gasoline Baseline
Carbonaceous Emissions
Hydrocarbons Reduction
Carbon Monoxide Reduction
Particulate Emissions
Oxides Of Nitrogen
Catalytic Conversion Efficiency
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Formaldehyde Reduction
Acetaldehyde Reduction
Methane Reduction
Ethene Reduction
Propene Reduction
Benzene Reduction
Toluene Reduction
Methanol Emissions
Ethane Emissions
Alcohol Emissions
Regulatory Compliance
Diagnostics
Durability Compliance
Journal: Wear
• December 2021
Biodiesel has emerged as a viable alternative to mineral diesel in the transport sector to replace fossil fuels partially. However, long-term compatibility with engine hardware must be evaluated to en...
Biodiesel
Karanja Oil Methyl Ester
Mineral Diesel
Transport Sector
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Endurance Test
Fuel Blends
Wear Evaluation
Engine Components
Carbon Deposits
Physical Wear
Lubricating Oil
Fuel Chemistry
Tribological Tests
Fuel Injection System
Fuel Injection Equipment
Wear Characteristics
Piston Rings
Cylinder Liners
Crankpins
Bearings
Surface Roughness
Carbonaceous Deposits
Engine Durability
Engine Hardware Compatibility
Lubricant Performance
Diesel Blends
Oxidation
Polymerization
Lubricant Viscosity
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• December 2018
Biodiesel has emerged as a suitable alternative to mineral diesel in compression ignition (CI) engines in order to ensure global energy security and to reduce engine out emissions in near future. Biod...
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuels
Compression Ignition Engines
Engine Emissions
Fuel Properties
Spray Development
Combustion
Emission Formation
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Gaseous Emissions
Fuel Durability
Experimental Studies
Computational Studies
Diesel Engine Performance
Biodiesel Feedstocks
Conventional Diesel
Fuel Properties Impact
Spray Evolution
Reaction Mechanisms
Numerical Modeling
Physical Properties
Chemical Properties
Spray Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Performance Characteristics
Numerical Combustion Models
Pollutants Formation
Engine Operation Conditions
Experimental Approaches
Numerical Approaches
Journal: International Journal of Thermal Sciences
• December 2018
Fuel injection parameters such as fuel injection pressure (FIP) and start of injection (SOI) timing significantly affect combustion, performance, emission and durability of a common rail direct inject...
Fuel Injection Parameters
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Start of Injection (SOI) Timing
Combustion Characteristics
Performance
Emissions
Durability
Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDI)
Single Cylinder Engine
Heat Transfer
Soot Formation
Combustion Analysis
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Rate of Pressure Rise (ROPR)
Fuel Vaporization
Fuel-Air Mixing
In-Cylinder Pressure Data
High-Speed Combustion Data
Engine Speed
Engine Power Output
Fuel Injection Quantities
Optimization
Efficient Combustion
Clean Combustion Engines
Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI)
Fuel Injection Optimization
Journal: ENERGY & FUELS
• December 2018
In this study, two gasohols, namely, E15 [15% v/v ethanol blended with 85% v/v gasoline] and M15 [15% v/v methanol blended with 85% v/v gasoline] with respect to baseline gasoline were investigated fo...
Gasohol
E15
M15
Ethanol
Methanol
Gasoline
Soot Particles
Particulate Matter
GDI Engine
Transmission Electron Microscope
HRTEM
Engine Load
Fuel Oxygenated Content
Soot Morphology
Primary Particle Diameter
Soot Agglomerate
Agglomerate Length
Agglomerate Width
High Angle Annular Dark Field
Macroscale Analysis
Microscale Analysis
Soot Agglomerates Comparison
Skeleton Length
Skeleton Width
Fuel Blends
Soot Emissions
Journal: Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability
• December 2018
Rapidly increasing fossil fuel demand and deteriorating air quality have resulted in enormous pressure on automotive researchers and OEMs to develop more efficient and clean internal combustion (IC) e...
Low Temperature Combustion
Mode Switching Technique
Internal Combustion Engines
Oxides Of Nitrogen Reduction
Particulate Matter Reduction
Ignition Timing Control
Heat Release Rate
Compression Ignition Combustion
Dual Mode Combustion
Gasoline Engines
Diesel Engines
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Advanced Combustion Strategies
Automotive Emissions Reduction
Fossil Fuel Demand
Air Quality Improvement
Engine Efficiency Enhancement
Next Generation Road Transport
Commercialization Of LTC Technology
Journal: Fuel
• December 2016
The present experimental investigations have been carried out to compare particulate emission characteristics of mineral diesel, gasoline, CNG, HCNG and hydrogen fueled engines. Experiments were perfo...
Particulate Emission Characteristics
Mineral Diesel
Gasoline
CNG
HCNG
Hydrogen Fuels
Engine Modifications
Particle Number-Size Distribution
Surface Area-Size Distribution
Mass-Size Distribution
Engine Load
Toxicity Assessment
Nucleation Mode Particles
Accumulation Mode Particles
Particle Concentration
Average Particle Size
Exhaust Emissions
Fuel-Specific Emission Patterns
Nano-Particles
Emission Comparisons
Fuel-Specific Particulate Mass
Particle Surface Area
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
Diesel engine emissions consist of several harmful gaseous species, some of which are regulated by stringent emission norms, while many others are not. These unregulated emission species are responsib...
Unregulated Gaseous Emissions
Diesel Engine Emissions
Karanja Biodiesel
Methanol Blends
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analyzer
Compression Ignition Engine
Emission Characteristics
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Ethanol
N-Butane
Methane Reduction
Oxygenated Fuel Blends
Exhaust Emissions
Health Hazards
Environmental Impact
Regulated Emissions
Engine Load
Emission Species
Biodiesel Blends
Fuel-Specific Emission Effects
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
Vegetable oils and biodiesel have emerged as strong alternative fuels worldwide. However use of new fuels in existing engines leads to issues such as wear of vital moving components, and fuel injectio...
Alternative Fuels
Biodiesel
Vegetable Oils
Fuel Injection Equipment (FIE)
Engine Compatibility
Wear Resistance
Karanja Blends
Jatropha Blends
Biofuel Blends
Non-Firing Engine Simulator
Endurance Test
Engine Components
Plunger
Nozzle Needle
Valve Holder
Surface Texture
Dimensional Loss
Weight Loss
Optical Microscopy
Long-Term Durability
Fuel Wear Characteristics
Journal: Fuel
• December 2016
There is an urgent need for detailed comparative engine performance assessment of alternative fuels such as biofuels vis-à-vis conventional gasoline and diesel. Single cylinder genset engines are wide...
Alternative Fuels
Biofuels
Engine Performance
Jatropha Biodiesel
Diesel
Genset Engines
Combustion Characteristics
Noise
Vibrations
Spray Characterization
Fuel Penetration
Spray Cone Angle
Ambient Pressure
HRRmax
Combustion Duration
Combustion Noise
Engine Vibration
Jatropha Biodiesel-Diesel Blend
Fuel Impact
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
This study involved a comparative experimental characterization of trace metals and relative toxicity evaluation of particulates emitted by a medium-duty transportation diesel engine using diesel and...
Trace Metals
Particulates
Toxicity
Jatropha Biodiesel
Diesel
Engine Emissions
B20
Organic Carbon
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Crust Elements
Anthropogenic Elements
Scanning Electron Microscopy
EDAX Analysis
NOx Emissions
CO
Total Hydrocarbon (THC)
Diesel Engine
Load Variations
Gaseous Emissions
Engine Performance
Journal: Fuel Processing Technology
• December 2016
Endoscopic optical visualization technique is reliable for investigations in harsh environments such as IC engine combustion chambers. In this study, high temperature industrial endoscopy was employed...
Endoscopic Visualization
Optical Diagnostics
In-Cylinder Combustion
High-Speed CCD Camera
Jatropha SVO
Diesel Engine
Combustion Characteristics
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Start of Combustion (SoC)
Combustion Duration (CD)
Spatial Soot Distribution
Flame Temperature
Calibration Tool
Soot Analysis
Correlated Colour Temperature (CCT)
SVO Combustion
Diesel Combustion
Soot Formation
In-Situ Combustion Analysis
Emission Optimization
Journal: Renewable Energy
• December 2016
Main objective of this study was to demonstrate endoscopic visualization of combustion events in the combustion chamber of a production grade compression ignition (CI) engine. High speed endoscopic im...
Endoscopic Visualization
Combustion Events
Compression Ignition Engine
High-Speed Imaging
In-Cylinder Combustion
Biodiesel
Mineral Diesel
Engine Loads
Image Processing
Start of Combustion
Soot Distribution
Flame Temperature Distribution
MATLAB
In-Cylinder Pressure
Rate of Heat Release
KIVA-3V Code
Flame Luminosity
Soot Oxidation
Post Combustion Events
Heat Dissipation
Soot Radiation
Combustion Chamber Endoscopy
Simulation Results
Journal: Fuel
• December 2015
It is essential to reduce emissions from the existing vehicles, in order to preserve the environment. In this study, Karanja oil derived biodiesel generated particulates emanating from a medium-duty t...
Emissions Reduction
Karanja Biodiesel
Medium-Duty Diesel Engine
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
DOC
Particulate Emissions
Gaseous Emissions
Particle Size-Number Distribution
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Biodiesel Blend
B20
Mineral Diesel
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Nuclei Mode Particles
Bimodal Distribution
Size Ranges
Automotive Diesel Engines
Environmental Preservation
Particulate Reduction
Engine Performance
Emission Control
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• December 2014
Experiments were carried out in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) to investigate flame kernel development and flame speed of hydrogen–air mixtures having different fuel–air ratios. A Q-switc...
Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
CVCC
Flame Kernel Development
Flame Speed
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Fuel-Air Ratio
Laser Ignition
Q-Switched Nd:YAG Laser
Laser-Induced Plasma
Initial Chamber Pressure
Initial Temperature
Optical Setup
Converging Lenses
Focal Length
Plasma Positioning
High-Speed Imaging
Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer
Pressure-Time History
Combustion Properties
Alternative Ignition Techniques
Hydrogen Combustion
Clean Energy
Renewable Fuels
Advanced Combustion Research
Optical Diagnostics
Sustainable Energy
Low-Emission Combustion
High-Pressure Combustion
Laser Energy Absorption
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• December 2011
Particle size and number distribution from an engine tailpipe has a direct bearing on the residence time of the particles in the atmosphere and their toxicity. This study presents the number concentra...
Engine Tailpipe Emissions
Particle Size Distribution
Number Concentration
Nano-Particles
Naturally Aspirated Engine
Water Cooled
Single Cylinder Engine
Diesel Fuelled
Direct Injection Compression Ignition
DICI Engine
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
EEPS
Soot Particles
Particle Size Measurement
Transient Emissions
Engine Speed
Engine Load
Surface Area Distribution
Mass Distribution
Emission Variability
Load Influence
Soot Emission Characteristics
Particle Size Width
Journal: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
• December 2011
New combustion concepts developed in internal combustion engines such as homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) have attracted serious attention due to the possibilities to simultaneously achi...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI Combustion
Internal Combustion Engines
High Efficiency
Low Emissions
Ultra-Low NOx
Particulate Matter Reduction
Environmental Impact
Emission Regulations
Particulate Emissions
Engine Combustion Concepts
Sustainable Transportation
Advanced Combustion Modes
Fuel Efficiency
Clean Combustion Technology
Environmental Legislation
Air Quality Improvement
Health Impact Of Emissions
PM Mass Measurement
Next-Generation Engines
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• December 2011
Condensed soot coming out of vehicular exhaust is commonly classified as organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). OC can be directly emitted to the atmosphere in the particulate form (primary ca...
Organic Carbon
Elemental Carbon
Secondary Organic Carbon
Gas-To-Particle Conversion
Diesel Exhaust
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Particulate Matter
Exhaust Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
Ozone Formation
Photochemical Aging
Atmospheric Dilution
Tailpipe Emissions
Primary Emissions
Secondary Emissions
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PAHs
Engine Load Effects
Exhaust Ageing
Photochemical Chamber
Air Pollution
Climate Impact
Health Impact
Diesel Soot
Emission Norms
Toxic Emissions
Semi-Volatile Compounds
Diesel Fuel Combustion
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• December 2010
Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) mode combustion has attracted significant attention because of its superior engine performance and significantly lower emissions of oxides of nitrogen...
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Engine Performance
Low Emissions
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx
Particulate Matter
PM
Fuel Injection Pressure
FIP
High Reactivity Fuel
HRF
Low Reactivity Fuel
LRF
Diesel-Methanol Fuel
Single Cylinder Engine
Engine Speed
Engine Load
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
BMEP
Methanol Premixed Ratios
Knocking
Brake Thermal Efficiency
BTE
Combustion Stability
Emissions
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Hydrocarbons
HC
Nanoparticle Emissions
Statistical Correlations
Emission Characteristics
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• August 2023
Shipping is one of the most efficient transportation modes for moving freight globally. International regulations concerning decarbonization and emission reduction goals drive rapid innovations to mee...
Marine Shipping
Freight Transportation
Decarbonization Goals
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Internal Combustion Engines
Marine Propulsion Systems
Low-Carbon Fuels
Net Zero Emissions
Zero-Carbon Fuels
Lifecycle Carbon Intensity
Emissions Control Systems
Fueling Infrastructure
Engine Efficiency Improvement
Advanced Combustion Modes
Next-Generation Air Handling
Fuel Injection Systems
Fossil Fuel Displacement
Sustainable Marine Fuels
Maritime Innovation
Low-CO2 Shipping
Journal: Fuel
• August 2023
Diethyl ether (DEE) has evolved as a potential alternative for partial diesel replacement in compression ignition (CI) engines. In this study, a light-duty commercial diesel engine was operated in par...
Diethyl Ether (DEE)
Diesel Engine
Partial Diesel Replacement
Compression Ignition (CI) Engines
Partially Premixed Combustion (PPC)
DEE-Diesel Blends
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Regulated Emissions
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)
Pilot Injection Timing (SoPI)
Start of Main Injection (SoMI)
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions
Hydrocarbon (HC) Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Emissions
Conventional Diesel Combustion (CDC)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)
Engine Optimization
Fuel Blends
Emission Control
Journal: Physics of Fluids
• August 2021
Various low-temperature combustion strategies (namely, homogeneous charge compression ignition, reactivity controlled compression ignition, and partially premixed charge compression ignition) have sho...
Low-Temperature Combustion
Gasoline Compression Ignition (GCI)
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI)
Partially Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI)
Low Octane Gasoline
Compression Ignition Engines
Engine Design Modifications
Combustion Chamber Geometry
In-Cylinder Flows
Charge Stratification
Temperature Stratification
Engine Simulations
CONVERGE CFD
Swirl Ratio (SR)
Fuel Distribution
Combustion Characteristics
Ignition Kernel
Lean Mixture Zone
Flame Propagation
Counter-Rotating Vortices
Squish Zone
Piston Bowl Geometry
Engine Performance Optimization
Fuel Mixture Distribution
Combustion Efficiency
Emissions Legislation Compliance
Global Energy Demand
Diesel Replacement
Engine Simulation Validation
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• August 2018
Natural gas has highest hydrogen-to-carbon ratio among hydrocarbon fuels, which helps in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Blending natural gas with hydrogen decreases emissions even further because...
HCNG Mixtures
Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions
Hydrocarbons Emissions
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Knocking Characteristics
Engine Emissions
Compressed Natural Gas
Spark Ignition Engine
Hydrogen Fueling
Engine Knock Intensity
Gaseous Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Reduction
Emission Reduction
Fuel Blending
Knock Tendency
Hydrogen Combustion
Engine Performance
Journal: Environmental Pollution
• August 2018
Despite intensive research carried out on particulates, correlation between engine-out particulate emissions and adverse health effects is not well understood yet. Particulate emissions hold enormous...
Particulate Emissions
Engine-Out Particulate Emissions
Health Effects
Mega-Cities
Compressed Natural Gas
CNG Engine
Diesel Engines
Gasoline Engine
Euro-II
Euro-III
Euro-IV Emission Norms
Toxicity Assessment
Mutagenic Potential
Salmonella Strains
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PAHs
Particulate Characterization
Emission Comparison
Mutagenicity
Cleaner Transport Solutions
Traffic Diversity
Diesel vs Gasoline vs CNG
Public Transportation
Environmental Impact
Fuel Safety
Developing Countries
Urban Pollution
Air Quality
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• August 2018
Direct injection spark ignition or gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines are superior in terms of relatively higher thermal efficiency and power output compared to multipoint port fuel injection eng...
Gasohol Blends
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines
Particulate Emissions
Ethanol
Methanol
Butanol
Trace Metal Concentration
Particulate Mass Emissions
Raman Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM)
Soot Reactivity
Oxygenated Fuels
Engine Loads
Particulate Morphology
Multicore Shell Structures
Soot Formation
Fuel Properties
Thermal Efficiency
Power Output
Fuel Combustion
Engine Emissions
GDI Engine Performance
Environmental Impact
Emission Reduction
Fuel Blends
Research Gaps
Fuel Chemistry
Journal: Fuel
• August 2017
Diesel particulate are designated as ‘carcinogenic’. In this study, a novel approach has been adopted to determine the relationship between particle mass and particle number emissions from a four-cyli...
Diesel Particulates
Carcinogenic
Particle Mass
Particle Number Emissions
Biodiesel Blends
Karanja Biodiesel
Engine Operating Conditions
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
Particle Size Concentrations
Particulate Emission Characterization
Four-Cylinder Diesel Engine
Exhaust Emissions
Catalyst Coating
Co-Ce Mixed Oxide
Lanthanum Perovskite
DOC1
DOC2
DOC3
Emission Mapping
Particulate Size Distribution
Engine Exhaust
Emission Control
Biodiesel and Diesel Comparison
Engine Emission Performance
Journal: Fuel
• August 2016
In this study, spark ignition of hydrogen enriched natural gas (HCNG), a fast emerging alternative gaseous fuel, was experimentally investigated in a suitably modified single cylinder spark ignition (...
Hydrogen Enriched Natural Gas (HCNG)
Spark Ignition (SI) Engine
Port Fuel Injection
High Volume Flow Rate Solenoid Injector
Injector Control Unit
Electronic Control Unit (ECU)
H/C Ratios
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Engine Speed
Spark Timing
Relative Air-Fuel Ratio (RAFR)
Pressure Peak (Pmax)
Maximum Brake Torque (MBT)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
NOx Emissions
Knocking Limit
Hydrogen Fuel
Journal: Applied Thermal Engineering
• August 2016
An experimental study was carried out for assessing noise, vibrations, combustion, and spray characteristics and associated correlations using a single cylinder compression ignition engine. Such engin...
Noise
Vibrations
Combustion Characteristics
Spray Characteristics
Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine
Genset
Agricultural Farm Machinery
Karanja Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel Blend (KB20)
Mineral Diesel
Spray Visualization
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
Mechanical Fuel Injector
Combustion Noise
Engine Noise
Accelerometers
Engine Vibrations
Pistonic Direction
Longitudinal Direction
Lateral Direction
Combustion Duration
Ignition Delay
Heat Release Rate
Spray Penetration
Engine Load
External Engine Noise
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• August 2016
Natural gas is considered as one of the best alternate fuels because of its lower emissions and highest H/C ratio amongst hydrocarbons. Its usage requires minimum modifications in the existing engine...
Natural Gas
Alternate Fuels
Hydrogen-Enriched Compressed Natural Gas
HCNG
Compression Ignition Engine
Port Fuel Injection
Spark Ignition
HCNG Engine Technology
Online Mixing System
Mixture Composition
HCNG Investigations
Dynamic HCNG Mixing System
Premixed Blends
Combustion Performance
Emission Characteristics
Engine Loads
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
Engine Performance
Emission Reduction
Fuel Mixture Quality
Engine Modifications
Journal: Fuel
• August 2014
For large-scale implementation of biodiesel in transportation engines, its effect on lubricating oil degradation needs to be experimentally investigated. Due to differences in chemical composition of...
Biodiesel
Lubricating Oil Degradation
Karanja Biodiesel Blend
KOME20
Tribology
Mineral Diesel
Engine Lubrication
Endurance Test
Oil Properties
Density Increase
Carbon Residue
Ash Content
Resinous Polymerized Material
Oxidation
Polymerization
Wear Trace Metals
Iron
Aluminum
Copper
Chromium
Magnesium
Engine Wear
Oil Deterioration
Lubricating Oil
Base-Stock
Long-Term Application
Oil Performance
Engine Durability
Fuel Effects
Sustainable Transportation
Alternative Fuels
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• August 2013
Concerns about energy availability and pollutant emissions, such as oxides of nitrogen and particulates have driven concerted efforts toward the design of next generation internal combustion engines,...
Laser Ignition
Hydrogen-Air Mixtures
Methane-Air Mixtures
Internal Combustion Engines
Energy Availability
Pollutant Emissions
Oxides of Nitrogen
Particulates
Flame Kernel Development
Flame Visualization
Flame Speeds
High Pressure Constant Volume Combustion Chamber
Hydrogen Mixture Strength
Laser Plasma
Q-Switched Nd: YAG Laser
Micro-Explosions
Flame Front Evolution
Combustion Efficiency
Emission Reduction
Next Generation Engine Design
Journal: Applied Energy
• August 2011
To meet stringent vehicular exhaust emission norms worldwide, several exhaust pre-treatment and post-treatment techniques have been employed in modern engines. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is a pre...
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Pre-Treatment Technique
Oxides of Nitrogen
NOx Emissions
Diesel Engines
Soot Emissions
Engine Wear
Piston Rings
Engine Parts
Performance Evaluation
Emissions Measurement
Hydrocarbons
HC Emissions
Carbon Monoxide
CO Emissions
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Smoke Opacity
Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
BSFC
Particulate Matter
PM Emissions
Engine Operation
Carbon Deposits
Lubricating Oil Degradation
Agricultural Farm Machinery
Captive Power Generation
EGR Rates
Engine Tests
Emission Trade-Offs
Long-Term Usage Problems
Journal: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
• August 2011
Studies conducted over the last decade have well established a direct relationship between deteriorating human health and diesel engine exhaust. Biodiesel has shown a lot of promise in terms of both i...
Diesel Engine Exhaust
Biodiesel
Combustion Efficiency
Harmful Emissions
Petroleum-Based Diesel
Particulate Matter
PM Emissions
Toxic Contaminants
Exhaust Comparison
Engine Wear
Self-Lubricating Properties
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Particle Morphology
Particle Number
Size Distribution
Engine Exhaust Particulates
Particle Concentrations
Load Effects
B100
B20
Scanning Electron Microscope
SEM Images
Granular Particulates
Mineral Diesel
Emission Performance
Particle Accumulation
Journal: Aerosol Science and Technology
• August 2009
This study was primarily focused on analyzing particulate matter coming out of engine exhaust from diesel and straight vegetable oils (SVO) for the following parameters: (1) Benzene soluble organic fr...
Particulate Matter
Engine Exhaust
Diesel
Straight Vegetable Oil
SVO
Compression Ignition Engine
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Metal Traces
Particulate Surface Morphology
Engine Load
Engine Speed
Chemical Constituents
Toxic Potential
Preheating
Viscosity Reduction
Mineral Diesel
Toxic Metal Emissions
Soot Formation
Emission Comparison
Vegetable Oil
Journal: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
• August 2007
Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil...
Alternative Fuels
Environmental Awareness
Fossil Petroleum
Diesel Engines
Biodiesel
Transesterified Vegetable Oil
Methyl Esters
Bio-Origin Fuels
Engine Hardware
Performance Comparison
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Emissions Reduction
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
Smoke Emissions
NOx Emissions
Rice-Bran Oil
Transesterification
Methanol
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Combustion Characteristics
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Engine Loads
Engine Speeds
Cylinder Pressure Rise
Heat Release
Combustion Parameters
Cylinder Peak Combustion Pressure
Rate of Pressure Rise
Crank Angle
Mass Burning Rates
Biodiesel Blends
Premixed Combustion Phase
Maximum Cylinder Pressure
Crank Angle Position
Engine Load-Speed Combinations
Combustion Duration
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• August 2004
Several experimental studies have been conducted for evaluating coefficient of friction and wear in simulated engine conditions using a piston ring segment and a liner piece rubbing against each other...
Wear Evaluation
Engine Simulator
Piston Ring-Liner Interaction
Reciprocating Motion
Lubricated Conditions
Non-Firing Engine Simulator
Linear Speed
Stroke
Engine Load
Surface Texture
Cylinder Liner
Surface Properties
Wear Behavior
Oil Consumption
Surface Profile
Roughness Parameters
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEM Analysis
Comparative Wear Studies
Tribology
Engine Component Durability
Journal: Fuel
• April 2023
Amongst all low-temperature combustion (LTC) strategies, reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion garners more debate from researchers because of its excellent combustion and perfo...
Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition
RCCI Combustion
Low-Temperature Combustion
Start Of Diesel Injection
Pilot Injection
Single Pilot Injection
Double Pilot Injection
Methanol Premixed Ratio
Combustion Phasing
Combustion Noise
Misfire
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Oxides Of Nitrogen
Particulate Matter
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Injection Strategy
Methanol Fuelling
Combustion Characteristics
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• April 2022
In order to successfully cope with the trend of mitigating climate change as outlined in the recommendations of Paris (COP21) and Glasgow (COP26) Climate Agreements, propulsion technologies must be ab...
Hydrogen
Climate Change Mitigation
Paris Agreement
COP21
Glasgow Agreement
Personal Mobility
COP26
Propulsion Technologies
CO2 Reduction
Electric Powertrains
Batteries
Renewable Energy
Public Mandate
Research Efforts
Sustainability
Feasibility
Internal Combustion Engines
ICE
Non-Fossil Hydrocarbons
H2
Fossil Fuels
Global Power Generation
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
GHG Emissions
Carbon Monoxide
CO
Carbon Dioxide
CO2
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx
Particulate Matter
PM
Air Quality
Urban Spaces
Journal: Nature Communications
• April 2022
Battery-electric vehicles (BEV) have emerged as a favoured technology solution to mitigate transport greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in many non-Annex 1 countries, including India. GHG mitigation poten...
Battery-Electric Vehicles
BEV
Greenhouse Gas Emissions
GHG Mitigation
India
Electrification
4-Wheelers
2-Wheelers
Electric Hybrids
Gasoline-Electric Hybrids
GHG Reduction
Self-Charging Hybrids
Battery Capacity
Annual Battery Capacity
125GWh
Coal-Power Phase-Out
Summer Charging
Efficiency
Transport Electrification
Mobility Transition
Projected Production
Electrification Plan
Journal: Fuel
• April 2021
Laser-induced ignition could be the most promising alternative to conventional spark ignition, in order to reduce engine-out emissions. A single-cylinder naturally aspirated, water-cooled, direct inje...
Laser-Induced Ignition
Spark Ignition
Diesel Engine
Supercharged Operation
Port Fuel Injection
Gaseous Fuels
Compressed Natural Gas
Hydrogen
HCNG Mixtures
Engine Emissions
Combustion Performance
Emission Reduction
Maximum Brake Torque
In-Cylinder Pressure
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Dynamic Mixing System
Engine Torque
Supercharging
Optimum Boost
H2 Enrichment
Engine Modification
Fuel Efficiency
Engine Performance
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• April 2021
Biodiesel has emerged as a sustainable renewable transport fuel worldwide. This study investigated the use of biodiesel (B100) and mineral diesel in two identical unmodified vehicles to realistically...
Biodiesel
B100
Mineral Diesel
Renewable Transport Fuel
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Diesel Engine
Vehicle Emissions
No-Load Engine Speed
Highway Driving Emissions
Acceleration Characteristics
On-Board Emission Analyzer
CO Emissions
HC Emissions
NOx Emissions
CO2 Emissions
Smoke Opacity
Real-World Driving Emissions
Stationary Vehicle Emissions
Engine Speed
Vehicle Speed
Electronic Control Unit
ECU Recalibration
Sustainable Fuel
Renewable Energy
Diesel Vehicle Performance
Exhaust Emissions
Air Pollution
Environmental Impact
Biodiesel Compatibility
Alternative Fuels
Fuel Efficiency
Journal: Transactions of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
• April 2021
Transport is an essential requirement for the growth of any country. Transport of passengers and goods is vital to satisfy the mobility needs, commensurate with today’s lifestyle characterized by soci...
Indian Road Transport
Public Transport Infrastructure
Private Vehicle Growth
Fossil Fuel Consumption
Vehicular Pollution
Air Quality Deterioration
Respiratory Diseases
Transport Sector Challenges
Alternative Energy Resources
Advanced Vehicle Technology
Emission Reduction Strategies
Electric Vehicle Adoption
EV Implementation
Sustainable Mobility
Energy Security
Transportation Policy
Modal Shift
Traffic Congestion
Clean Transportation
Green Mobility Solutions
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2021
Petroleum products are used to power internal combustion engines (ICEs). Emissions and depletion of petroleum reserves are important questions that need to be answered to ensure existence of ICEs. Ind...
Petroleum Products
Internal Combustion Engines
Emissions Reduction
Petroleum Depletion
Indian Railways
Diesel Locomotives
Alternative Fuels
Methanol Fuel
Renewable Energy
Non-Renewable Resources
Physico-Chemical Properties
Tailpipe Emissions
In-Cylinder Phenomenon
Large-Bore Locomotive Engines
CFD Simulation
3D Engine Modeling
Diesel Replacement
High-Pressure Direct Injection
Co-Axial Injector
Pilot Diesel Ignition
Fuel-Air Mixing
Combustion Optimization
NOx Reduction
Sustainable Rail Transport
Engine Performance Analysis
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2021
The rising concerns of emissions have put enormous strain on the automotive industry. Industry is, therefore looking for next-generation engines and advanced combustion technologies with ultra-low emi...
Emissions
Automotive Industry
Next-Generation Engines
Advanced Combustion Technologies
Ultra-Low Emissions
High Efficiency
Combustion Processes
Pollutant Formation
Internal Combustion (IC) Engines
In-Situ Measurement
Optical Diagnostics
Diesel Engine Combustion Chamber
Late-Compression Flow Dynamics
Fuel-Air Mixing
Combustion
Combustion Chamber Design
Vertical Plane Air-Flow Structures
Bowl Geometry
Flow Dynamics
CONVERGE Simulation
Non-Firing Conditions
Time-Resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (TR-PIV)
Light-Duty Optical Engine
Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE)
Flow-Field Validation
Geometry Variations
Combustion Chamber Geometry
Engine Optimization
Flow Structure Analysis
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2021
Mixture formation in GDI engine is considered crucial in determining combustion and emissions characteristics, which mainly depend on fuel spray quality. However, spray characteristics change with var...
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Mixture Formation
Combustion Characteristics
Emissions
Fuel Spray Quality
Spray Characteristics
Fuel Injection Parameters
Injection Strategy
Engine Operating Conditions
Fuel Properties
Methanol Additive
Gasohol
Spray Morphology
Droplet Evaporation
Fuel Mixing
M15
M85
Iso-Octane
Early Injection
Late Injection
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Multi-Hole Injector
Constant Volume Spray Chamber (CVSC)
Converge Software
Numerical Modeling
Spray Penetration
Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD)
Droplet Volatility
Equivalence Ratio Distribution
Stoichiometric Conditions
Methanol Blends
Fuel Oxygen Content
Journal: Journal of Energy Resources Technology
• April 2020
Fuel availability, global warming, and energy security are the three main driving forces, which determine suitability and long-term implementation potential of a renewable fuel for internal combustion...
Fuel Availability
Global Warming
Energy Security
Renewable Fuel
Internal Combustion Engines
Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engine
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Particulate Characteristics
Butanol
Ethanol
Methanol
Gasohol
Test Fuel Blends
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Engine Speed
Spark Timing
Engine Load
Transitional Renewable Fuel
Sustainable Fuel Alternatives
GDI Engine Operation
Fuel Blending
Renewable Fuel Implementation
Emission Reduction
Performance Optimization
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2020
Depleting fossil-fuels and increasing harmful emissions by the combustion of fossil fuels in IC engine is a matter of great concern. It is necessary to explore solutions complying with the prevailing...
Depleting Fossil Fuels
Harmful Emissions
Internal Combustion Engine
Emission Norm Compliance
Methanol Fuel
Primary Alcohols
Clean-Burning Fuel
High Octane Rating
Methanol Production
High Ash Coal
Biomass-Derived Fuel
Gasoline-Methanol Blends
Gasohols
Transport Sector Fuel
Engine-Out Emission Reduction
Fuel Dependence Reduction
Spray Characteristics
Engine Performance
Emission Characteristics
Macroscopic Spray Analysis
Microscopic Spray Analysis
M15 Blend
M85 Blend
M100 Methanol
G100 Gasoline
Port Fuel Injection
Multi-Hole Solenoid Injector
Constant Volume Spray Chamber
CVSC
Spray Penetration Length
Spray Cone Angle
Fuel Injection Pressure
Atomization Behavior
Droplet Distribution
Sustainable Transport Fuels
Journal: Fuel
• April 2019
Diesel engines are the prime workhorses of global transport and agriculture sectors. However, they emit significantly higher quantities of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). This un...
Diesel Engines
Compression Ignition
NOx Emissions
Particulate Matter
High-Temperature Endoscopy
In-Situ Combustion Analysis
Temperature Distribution
Soot Formation
Emerging Fuels
Diesosene
Diesoline
Kerosene-Diesel Blend
Gasoline-Diesel Blend
Direct Injection
Combustion Chamber Visualization
Optical Diagnostics
Real-Time Combustion Analysis
Engine Efficiency
Fuel Combustion Characteristics
Emission Control Strategies
Residual Crude Fuels
Sustainable Fuel Blends
Advanced Engine Development
Journal: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
• April 2017
Due to stricter emission legislations and rapid depletion of petroleum resources, research efforts are being made to explore advanced combustion concepts as well as alternative fuels for IC engines, i...
Hydrogen Fuel
Internal Combustion Engines (IC Engines)
Laser Ignition (LI)
Emission Legislations
Combustion Concepts
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Emissions
Particulate Number Concentration
Laser Pulse Energy (E)
Spark Timing (ST)
Compression Ratio (CR)
Nucleation Mode Particles (NMP)
Accumulation Mode Particles (AMP)
Engine Load
Particulate Characteristics
Particulate Number-Size Distribution
Engine Performance
Hydrogen Fueled Engine
Optimizing Laser Parameters
Experimental Study
Environmental Impact
Emission Control
Fuel Efficiency
Gaseous Fuels
Prototype Engine
Journal: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering
• April 2016
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen are potential alternate fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines, which are capable of sustaining large part of global transportation system in future. Howe...
HCNG
CNG
Hydrogen
Internal Combustion Engines (ICE)
Spark Ignition (SI) Engines
Hydrogen Enriched CNG
Compression Ratio (CR)
Engine Performance
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Brake Specific Energy Consumption (BSEC)
Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE)
Peak Cylinder Pressure
Rate of Pressure Rise (RoPR)
Heat Release Rate (HRR)
Cumulative Heat Release (CHR)
Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP)
Regulated Emissions
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
NOx Emissions
CO2 Emissions
HCNG Compositions
20HCNG
30HCNG
Fuel Efficiency
Combustion Optimization
Environmental Impact
Engine Load
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
Fuel injection pressure (FIP) is one of the most important factors affecting diesel engine performance and particulate emissions. Higher FIP improves the fuel atomization, which results in lower soot...
Fuel Injection Pressure
Diesel Engine Performance
Particulate Emissions
Fuel Atomization
Soot Formation
Biodiesel Blends
KB20
KB40
Mineral Diesel
Macroscopic Spray Characteristics
Spray Penetration
Spray Area
Cone Angle
Ambient Pressure
Spray Characteristics
Droplet Velocity Distribution
Droplet Size Distribution
Phase Doppler Interferometry
Sauter Mean Diameter
Arithmetic Mean Diameter
Fuel Droplet Momentum
Spray Evolution
Biodiesel Concentration
Engine Behavior
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
Biodiesel made from Jatropha oil by transesterification process has viscosity and other important physical properties comparable to mineral diesel hence it can be used as an alternate fuel in conventi...
Biodiesel
Jatropha Biodiesel
Transesterification
Alternate Fuel
Diesel Engine
Fuel Atomization
Fuel-Air Mixing
Spray Characteristics
Phase Doppler Interferometry
PDI
Sauter Mean Diameter
SMD
Spray Droplet Size
Velocity Distribution
Fuel Injection Pressure
Fuel Injection Equipment
FIE
Agricultural Engines
Engine Emissions
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
NOx Emissions
CO2 Emissions
Spray Experiments
Ambient Conditions
Engine Speed
1500 RPM
Fuel Injection Quantity
JB100
JB20
Emission Correlation
Renewable Energy
Sustainable Fuel
Combustion Analysis
Journal: International Journal of Engine Research
• April 2016
Internal combustion engine research on alternative fuels has gained momentum because of growing awareness about energy security and environmental issues worldwide. Biodiesel offers an ideal solution t...
Internal Combustion Engine
Alternative Fuels
Energy Security
Environmental Issues
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
Mineral Diesel
Fuel Injection Pressure
Spray Characterization
Spray Angle
Injector Needle Movement
Viscosity
Common Rail Direct Injection
EURO-IV Diesel Engine
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Brake Mean Effective Pressure
Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Particulate Emissions
Oxygen Content
Ignition Delay
Peak Cylinder Pressure
Combustion Duration
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
In this study, 3D air-flow-field evolution in a single cylinder optical research engine was determined using tomographic particle imaging velocimetry (TPIV) at different engine speeds. Two directional...
3D Air-Flow-Field
Tomographic Particle Imaging Velocimetry (TPIV)
Engine Speed
Flow-Field Reconstruction
MART Algorithm
Air-Flow Behavior
Combustion Chamber
Intake Stroke
Compression Stroke
In-Cylinder Airflow Characteristics
Velocity Dissipation
Flow Energy
Vorticity
Intake Jet Velocity
Volumetric Efficiency
Turbulence
Piston Speed
Vortex Distribution
Engine Performance
Flow Visualization
Engine Cycle
Flow Fluctuations
Air Velocity
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
The development of advanced gasoline direct injection (GDI) injector requires in-depth investigations of macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics. Over the years, GDI injectors have undergone...
Advanced Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI)
Injector Development
Fuel Atomization
Fuel-Air Mixing
Fuel Injection Pressure (FIP)
Spray Characteristics
Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI)
Arithmetic Mean Diameter (AMD)
Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD)
Spray Droplet Velocity Distributions
Gasohol Mixtures
Methanol
Ethanol
Gasoline
Microscopic and Macroscopic Spray Investigations
High-Speed CCD Camera
Spray Penetration Length
Spray Droplet Size Distribution
Fuel Mixture Preparation
Experimental Investigation
High Injection Pressure
Injector Performance
Fuel Efficiency
Emission Reduction
Spray Behavior
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2016
Fuel-air mixing is the main parameter, which affects formation of NOx and PM during CI combustion. Hence better understanding of air-flow characteristics inside the combustion chamber of a diesel engi...
Here are the meta-keywords based on the abstract provided: Fuel-Air Mixing
CI Combustion
NOx
PM
In-Cylinder Air-Flow
Diesel Engine
Four-Valve Engine
Particle Imaging Velocimetry
High-Speed Imaging
Graphite Particles
Engine Speed
Intake Air Temperature
Intake Port Configurations
Swirl Port
Tangential Port
Combined Port
3D Flow-Field
MART Algorithm
Flow Visualization
Energy Dissipation
Air Velocity
Turbulence
Engine Performance
Fuel-Air Mixing
Combustion Improvement
Emissions Reduction
Journal: Energy Conversion and Management
• April 2015
Compression ignition (CI) engines are the most popular prime-movers for transportation sector as well as for stationary applications. Petroleum reserves are rapidly and continuously depleting at an al...
Compression Ignition Engines
Biodiesel
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Emissions
Engine Performance
Air Pollution
Fossil Fuels
Global Warming
Environmental Impact
Renewable Energy
Particulate Mass Emissions
Engine Technology
After-Treatment Technology
Biodiesel Blends
Physical Characteristics of Particulates
Particle Size-Number Distribution
Surface Area-Size Distribution
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Trace Metals
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Turbocharging
High Pressure Fuel Injection
Multiple Injections
After-Treatment Devices
Human Health
Emission Control
Journal: Renewable Energy
• April 2015
Amongst primary alcohols, butanol is considered as the most promising alternative fuel candidate because of its favourable chemical and physical properties, which are quite similar to gasoline. Butano...
Butanol
Gasoline Blends
Alternative Fuels
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Spark Ignition Engine
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Power Output
Torque
Thermal Efficiency
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Regulated Emissions
Combustion Parameters
In-Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Rate
Rate of Pressure Rise
Mass Burn Fractions
Combustion Duration
Fuel Blends
Alcohol Fuels
Engine Combustion
Fuel Efficiency
Emission Control
Alternative Fuel Candidates
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• April 2015
Agglomeration, coagulation, surface condensation, adsorption and oxidation processes are a part of particulate evolution process and lead to significant changes in characteristics of particulate matte...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Agglomeration
Coagulation
Surface Condensation
Adsorption
Oxidation Processes
Intake Air Temperature
Exhaust Gas Recirculation
EGR
Particulate Characterization
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Trace Metals
Particulate Morphology
Scanning Electron Microscopy
SEM
Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer
EEPS
Particle Size-Number Distribution
Toxicity
Particulate Emissions
Fuel-Air Mixtures
Particulate Surface Area
Mixture Strength
Particulate Evolution
Particulate Matter (PM)
Air-Fuel Ratios
Particle Size Reduction
Particulate Volume
Particle Size-Mass Distribution
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2015
Use of biodiesel from non-edible vegetable oil as an alternative fuel to mineral diesel is attractive economically and environmentally. Diesel engines emit several harmful gaseous emissions and some o...
Biodiesel
Karanja Biodiesel
KB20 Blend
Non-Edible Vegetable Oil
Alternative Fuels
Mineral Diesel Replacement
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI Engine
Sports Utility Vehicle Engine
SUV Engine
Emission Analysis
Regulated Emissions
Unregulated Emissions
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
NOx Emissions
Exhaust Gas Analysis
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
FTIR Emission Analyzer
Aldehydes
Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Alkanes
Ethylene
Acetylene
Propylene
Formic Acid
Benzene
Toluene
Sulfur Dioxide
Engine Load Variation
Engine Speed Variation
Renewable Energy
Sustainable Transportation
Air Pollution
Health Impact
Environmental Impact
Clean Combustion
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2015
High viscosity of vegetable oil causes ignition problems when used in compression ignition engines. There is a need to reduce the viscosity before using it as engine fuel. Preheating and pre-treating...
Vegetable Oil
High Viscosity
Ignition Problems
Compression Ignition Engine
Preheating
Pre-Treatment
Waste Heat Utilization
Alternative Fuel
Jatropha Oil
J20 Blend
Mineral Diesel
Decentralized Power Generation
Agricultural Engines
Water Pumping Engines
Performance Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Cylinder Pressure
Rate Of Pressure Rise
Heat Release Rate
Cumulative Heat Release
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
Brake Specific Energy Consumption
Regulated Emissions
Carbon Monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Total Hydrocarbons
Nitric Oxides
Smoke Emissions
Noise Levels
Combustion Noise
Vibration Analysis
Accelerometers
Vertical Vibration
Lateral Vibration
Longitudinal Vibration
Direct Injection Diesel Engine
Journal: Aerosol and Air Quality Research
• April 2014
A comparative morphological analysis was performed on the exhaust particles emitted from a common rail direct injection (CRDI) sports utility vehicle (SUV) engine for primary and aged particulates. In...
Comparative Morphological Analysis
Exhaust Particles
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Sports Utility Vehicle
SUV
Primary Particulates
Aged Particulates
Soot Particles
Mineral Diesel
Biodiesel Blend
B20
Engine Speed
1800 rpm
Engine Load
Rated Load
Particulate Collection
Quartz Filter Papers
Exhaust Stream
Partial Dilution
Photochemical Chamber
Ultraviolet Light
Journal: SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants
• April 2014
Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines are attracting attention as next-generation internal combustion engines mainly because of very low NOx and PM emission potential and excellent th...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Particulate Emissions
NOx Emission Reduction
PM Emissions
Thermal Efficiency
Modified Diesel Engine
Port Fuel Injection
Homogeneous Charge Preparation
Gasoline
Ethanol
Methanol
Butanol
Engine Speed
Particulate Matter (PM)
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction (BSOF)
Trace Metals
Toxicity Markers
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES)
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM)
Particulate Morphology
Trace Metal Concentration
Engine Load Effect
Emission Control
Fuels for HCCI
Environmental Impact
Alternative Fuels
Journal: Renewable Energy
• April 2013
Vegetables oils are simplest route of biofuel utilization in direct injection compression ignition (DICI) engines however several operational and durability problems are encountered while using straig...
Vegetable Oils
Biofuels
Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI) Engines
Karanja Oil Blends
Mineral Diesel
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Thermal Efficiency
Exhaust Gas Temperature
Mass Emissions
Gaseous Pollutants
In-Cylinder Pressure Rise
Instantaneous Heat Release
Cumulative Heat Release
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Smoke Emissions
Journal: Journal of Aerosol Science
• April 2013
Engine exhaust particulates undergo different processes in the ambient environment such as agglomeration, coagulation, surface condensation, adsorption, and oxidation before evolving as mature particl...
HCCI Engine
Diesel Vaporizer
Air-Fuel Ratio
EGR
In-Cylinder Temperature
Particulate Emissions
Trace Metals
Benzene Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Particle Size Distribution
Engine Exhaust Particulate Sizer
EEPS
Nano-Particles
SEM
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Exhaust Particulates
Agglomeration
Coagulation
Surface Condensation
Adsorption
Oxidation
Combustion Technology
Emission Control
NOx Reduction
Particulate Toxicity
Lean Combustion
Diesel Emissions
Engine Performance
Particle Morphology
Journal: Inhalation Toxicology
• April 2013
Toxicity of engine out emissions from primary and secondary aerosols has been a major cause of concern for human health and environmental impact. This study aims to evaluate comparative toxicity of na...
Engine Emissions
Toxicity
Primary Aerosols
Secondary Aerosols
Nanoparticles
CRDI Engine
Biodiesel Blend
B20
Mineral Diesel
Health Hazards
Particle Size Distribution
Particle Number Distribution
Surface Area Distribution
Elemental Carbon
Organic Carbon
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PAHs
Toxic Equivalent Factor
Exhaust Particulates
Emission Comparison
Environmental Impact
Human Health
Fuel Blends
Particulate Toxicity
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2013
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) offers great promise for excellent fuel economy and extremely low emissions of NOx and PM. HCCI combustion lacks direct control on the "start of combusti...
HCCI
Fuel Economy
Low Emissions
NOx
PM
Combustion Control
Auto Ignition
Engine Operating Conditions
Combustion Phasing
Load Control
Crank Angle Position
50% Heat Release
Dual-Fuel Approach
Fuel Reactivity
Methanol
N-Heptane
Port Fuel Injection
Homogeneous Mixture
Combustion Heat Release Rate
Fuel Ratio
Fuel Energy
IMEP
PID Control
Combustion Phasing Control
HCCI Engine
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2013
Use of alternative fuels, and reduction of particulate and NOx emissions are major challenges for making diesel engines environmentally benign. Measures adopted for reducing gravimetric particulate em...
Alternative Fuels
Particulate Emissions
NOx Emissions
Diesel Engines
Particulate Number Concentration
Health Effects
Emission Norms
Fuel Injection Parameters
Fuel Injection Strategies
Pilot Injections
Particulate Size-Number Distribution
Single Cylinder Research Engine
Fuel Injection Pressures
Karanja Biodiesel Blends
Biofuels
Mineral Diesel
Injection Timings
Particulate Reduction
Total Particulate Numbers
Biodiesel Emissions
Start of Injection Timing
Retarded Main Injection
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2013
Laser is emerging as a strong contender as an alternative ignition source for internal combustion (IC) engines. Short laser pulses of few nanoseconds duration delivered by a Q-switched laser are focus...
Laser Ignition
Internal Combustion Engines
Laser Spark Plug
Q-Switched Laser
Plasma Formation
Combustion Behavior
High-Speed Data Acquisition
CNG Fuel
Combustible Fuel-Air Mixture
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Conventional Spark Plug
Laser Ignition System
Plasma Energy
Laser-Pulse Duration
Fuel Ignition
Engine Efficiency
Emission Reduction
Combustion Efficiency
Engine Ignition Techniques
Alternative Ignition Sources
Spark Plug Comparison
Engine Cylinder Ignition
Journal: Applied Energy
• April 2011
The homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is an alternative combustion concept for in reciprocating engines. The HCCI combustion engine offers significant benefits in terms of its high effici...
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
HCCI
Combustion Concept
Reciprocating Engines
High Efficiency
Ultra Low Emissions
Port Injection
Homogeneous Charge
Ethanol-Fuelled Engine
Two-Cylinder Engine
Four-Stroke Engine
Intake Air Temperature
Air-Fuel Ratios
Combustion Diagnostics
In-Cylinder Pressure
Heat Release Analysis
Exhaust Emission Measurements
Thermal Efficiency
Combustion Efficiency
Emission Characteristics
NOx Emissions
HC Emissions
CO Emissions
Maximum In-Cylinder Pressure
Gas Exchange Efficiency
Pressure Rise Rate
Heat Release Rate
Journal: Applied Energy
• April 2011
Combustion in HCCI engines is a controlled auto ignition of well-mixed fuel, air and residual gas. Since onset of HCCI combustion depends on the auto ignition of fuel/air mixture, there is no direct c...
HCCI Combustion
Auto Ignition
Well-Mixed Fuel
Air
Residual Gas
Engine Load Variations
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations
Ethanol-Fuelled Engine
Two-Cylinder Engine
Port Injection
Homogeneous Charge
Intake Air Temperature
Air-Fuel Ratios
Engine Speed
P-θ Diagram
Combustion Cycles
Steady State Operation
Combustion Parameters
Performance Parameters
Coefficient of Variation
COV
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure
IMEP
Pressure Rise Rate
Operating Ranges
Journal: Inhalation Toxicology
• April 2011
The diesel tailpipe emissions typically undergo substantial physical and chemical transformations while traveling through the tailpipe, which tend to modify the original characteristics of the diesel...
Diesel Tailpipe Emissions
Diesel Exhaust
Carcinogenic Potential
Diesel Particulate Matter
DPM
Health-Related Emissions
Common Rail Direct Injection
CRDI
Sports Utility Vehicle
SUV
Diesel Engine
Biodiesel Blends
B20
Karanja Oil
Partial Flow Dilution Tunnel
Primary Particulates
Quartz Substrate
Chemical Analysis
Benzene-Soluble Organic Fraction
BSOF
Toxicity Markers
Engine Load
Organic Carbon
Elemental Carbon
OC/EC
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PAHs
Trace Metals
Toxicity Analysis
Emission Characteristics
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2011
Due to the increasingly stricter emission legislations and growing demand for lower fuel consumption, there have been significant efforts to improve combustion efficiency, while satisfying the emissio...
HCCI Combustion
Emission Legislations
Fuel Consumption
Combustion Efficiency
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition
Gasoline Engines
Cyclic Variations
Ignition Timing
Charge Variables
Operating Range
Cyclic Variability
Engine Vibrations
Hydrocarbon Emissions
Intake Air Temperature
Air-Fuel Ratio
Engine Speeds
Statistical Methods
Chaotic Theory
Temporal Dynamics
Symbol-Sequence Statistics
Combustion Phasing
Probabilities
Fuel-AIR Mixture
Determinism
Quantile Return Map
Cycle-Based Time Series
Ignition Timing Dynamics
Engine Development
Combustion Control
Ignition Control
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2011
Mono alkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oils or animal fats, also known as biodiesel are well positioned to replace mineral diesel. The ou...
Biodiesel
Mono Alkyl Esters
Fatty Acids
Renewable Lipid Feedstock
Vegetable Oils
Animal Fats
Oxidation Susceptibility
Thermal Instability
Free Fatty Acid Molecules
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Oxidative Stability
Food Versus Fuel Conflict
Non-Edible Oils
Croton Megalocarpus
Moringa Oleifera
Jatropha Oil
Croton Oil Methyl Ester
Moringa Oil Methyl Ester
Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester
Fuel Properties
ASTM D6751
EN 14214
Rancimat Method
Antioxidants
1
2
3-Trihydroxy Benzene
3
4
5-Trihydroxy Benzoic Acid
2-Tert Butyl-4-Methoxy Phenol
Oxidation Stability Enhancement
Biodiesel Standards
Renewable Energy
Alternative Fuels
Sustainable Biofuels
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• April 2010
In the present experimental research work, rice-bran oil methyl ester (ROME) is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide catalyst. On the...
Rice-Bran Oil Methyl Ester
ROME
Transesterification
Methanol
Sodium Hydroxide Catalyst
Biodiesel Blends
B20
Performance Characteristics
Emission Characteristics
Combustion Characteristics
In-Cylinder Engine Components
Wear Investigation
Endurance Tests
Medium Duty Diesel Engine
Direct Injection Engine
Mineral Diesel
B00
Engine Dismantling
Vital Engine Parts
Piston Rings
Bearings
Cylinder Liner
Cylinder Head
Wear Assessment
Lubricating Oil
Wear Metals
Lead Concentrations
Cylinder Liner Wear
Surface Parameters
Top Dead Center
Bottom Dead Center
Midstroke
Surface Profiles
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2009
The development of vehicles continues to be determined by increasingly stringent emissions standards including CO2 emissions and fuel consumption. To fulfill the simultaneous emission requirements for...
Vehicle Development
Emission Standards
CO2 Emissions
Fuel Consumption
Powertrains
Controlled Auto Ignition (CAI)
Gasoline Engines
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
Diesel Engines
Ignition Timing
Combustion Rates
Fuel/Air/Residual Gas Mixtures
Ambient Temperature
Pressure
Humidity
Engine Operating Conditions
Load
Speed
Cycle-to-Cycle Variations
Engine Performance
Emissions
Engine Noise
Engine Vibrations
Lean and Rich Operating Limits
HCCI Combustion Mechanism
Combustion Control
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2008
Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) is a non-toxic and biodegradable alternative fuel that is obtained from renewable sources. A major hurdle in the commercialization of biodiesel from virgin oil, in...
Biodiesel
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Non-toxic
Biodegradable
Renewable Sources
Cost of Production
Raw Material Cost
Waste Cooking Oils
Transesterification
Cooking/Frying By-products
Free Fatty Acids
Polymerized Triglycerides
Chemical Kinetics
Biodiesel Production
Engine Performance
Emissions
Combustion Characteristics
Four-Stroke Engine
Indirect Injection
Petroleum Diesel
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Brake Thermal Efficiency
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC)
Brake Specific Energy Consumption
B20 Blend
Pressure-Crank Angle Diagram
Engine Load
Rate of Heat Release
Cumulative Heat Release
Rate of Pressure Rise
Combustion Analysis
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2008
Vegetable oils are produced from numerous oil seed crops. While all vegetable oils have high energy content, most require some processing to assure safe use in internal combustion engines. Some of the...
Vegetable Oils
Oil Seed Crops
Energy Content
Internal Combustion Engines
Diesel Substitutes
Operational Problems
Durability
Viscosity
Volatility
Jatropha Oil
Diesel Blends
Combustion Characteristics
Indirect Injection
Engine Loads
Engine Speed
Cylinder Pressure
Instantaneous Heat Release
Cumulative Heat Release
Crank Angle
Peak Cylinder Pressure
Top Dead Center
Pressure Rise
Engine Performance
Biofuels
Renewable Energy
Alternative Fuels
Fuel Blends
Journal: Ceramics International
• April 2007
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a potential material for various biomedical applications. In the present study, an attempt has been made to synthesize this material using simpler and cheaper method of solid-s...
Hydroxyapatite
Biomedical Applications
Solid-State-Reaction
Sintering
X-ray Diffraction
Thermo-gravitometric Analysis
Differential Thermal Analysis
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Monetite Phase
Tri Calcium Phosphate
Structural Transformations
Chemical Groups
Mechanical Properties
Compaction Pressure
Porosity
Compressive Strength
Tensile Strength
Bending Strength
Bulk Modulus
Microhardness
Resintering
In Vitro Biological Studies
Simulated Body Fluid
Surface Roughness
Weight Gain
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2005
This experimental study was undertaken to investigate the use of vegetable oil derivatives to substitute mineral diesel fuel. Straight vegetable oils pose some problems like injector coking, carbon de...
Vegetable Oil Derivatives
Mineral Diesel Substitution
Straight Vegetable Oils
Injector Coking
Carbon Deposits
High Viscosity
Low Volatility
Polyunsaturated Oils
Transesterified Vegetable Oil
Biodiesel
Rice Bran Oil
Non-edible Oils
Methyl Ester
Transesterification Process
Fuel Properties
Viscosity
Density
Flash Point
ASTM Standards
Diesel Substitution
Biodiesel Blends
Emission Testing
Four-Stroke Diesel Engine
Performance Testing
Emission Reduction
Diesel Engine Modification
Fuel Efficiency
Environmental Impact
Engine Performance
Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engines
Journal: SAE Technical Paper Series
• April 2005
Thermal loading of diesel engine pistons has increased dramatically in recent years due to applications of various advanced technologies to meet low emission and high power requirements. Control of pi...
Diesel Engine Pistons
Thermal Loading
Advanced Technologies
Engine Design
Oil Jet Cooling
Piston Temperature Control
Engine Seizure
Piston Warping
Mist Generation
Non-Tailpipe Emissions
Unburnt Hydrocarbons (UBHCs)
Finite Element Method
Numerical Modeling
Heat Transfer Coefficient
Oil Type Selection
Oil Jet Velocity
Oil Jet Diameter
Nozzle Distance
Mist Generation Prediction
Experimental Validation
Flat Plate Testing
High-Speed Camera
Oil Boiling Point
Emission Control
Engine Cooling Optimization
Journal: Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
• April 2001
Neat vegetable oils pose some problems when subjected to prolonged usage in CI engine. These problems are attributed to high viscosity, low volatility and polyunsaturated character of the neat vegetab...
Biodiesel
Neat Vegetable Oils
Compression Ignition Engine
Transesterification
Viscosity
Low Volatility
Polyunsaturated Character
Diesel Oil
Density
Flash Point
Cetane Number
Calorific Value
Performance Tests
Emission Tests
Biodiesel Blends
Smoke Opacity
Thermal Efficiency
Long Term Endurance Test
Environmentally Friendly Fuel
Engine Modification
Biodiesel Blend
Alternative Fuel
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