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Abstract
The AHA works with the CDC’s NCHS, the NHLBI, the NINDS, and other government agencies to derive the annual statistics in this Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. This chapter describes the most important sources and the types of data we use from them. For more details, see Chapter 27 of this document, the Glossary. The surveys used are the following: • BRFSS—ongoing telephone health survey system • GCNKSS—stroke incidence rates and outcomes within a biracial population • MEPS—data on specific health services that Americans use, how frequently they use them, the cost of these services, and how the costs are paid • NHANES—disease and risk factor prevalence and nutrition statistics • NHIS—disease and risk factor prevalence • NHDS—hospital inpatient discharges and procedures (discharged alive, dead, or status unknown) • NAMCS—physician office visits • NHHCS—staff, services, and patients of home health and hospice agencies • NHAMCS—hospital outpatient and ED visits • Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the AHRQ—hospital inpatient discharges, procedures, and charges • NNHS—nursing home residents • National Vital Statistics System—national and state mortality data • WHO—mortality rates by country • YRBSS—health-risk behaviors in youth and young adults Disease Prevalence Prevalence is an estimate of how many people have a disease at a given point or period in time. The NCHS conducts health examination and health interview surveys that provide estimates of the prevalence of diseases and risk factors. In this Update, the health interview part of the NHANES is used for the prevalence of CVDs. NHANES is used more than the NHIS because in NHANES, AP is based on the Rose Questionnaire; estimates are made regularly for HF; hypertension is based on BP measurements and interviews; and an estimate can be made for total CVD, including MI, AP, HF, stroke, and hypertension. A major emphasis of this Statistical Update is to present the latest estimates of the number of people in the United States who have specific conditions to provide a realistic estimate of burden. Most estimates based on NHANES prevalence rates are based on data collected from 2009 to 2012 (in most cases, these are the latest published figures). These are applied to census population estimates for 2012. Differences in population estimates cannot be used to evaluate possible trends in prevalence because these estimates are based on extrapolations of rates beyond the data collection period by use of more recent census population estimates. Trends can only be evaluated by comparing prevalence rates estimated from surveys conducted in different years. Risk Factor Prevalence The NHANES 2009 to 2012 data are used in this Update to present estimates of the percentage of people with high lipid values, DM, overweight, and obesity. The NHIS is used for the prevalence of cigarette smoking and physical inactivity. Data for students in grades 9 through 12 are obtained from the YRBSS.
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