Anger, Hostility, and Cardiac Symptoms in Women with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease: The Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study

Abstract

Objective: To determine the relationship of anger and hostility to angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD), symptoms, and functional status among women with suspected CAD. Methods: Data were collected from 636 women with suspected CAD referred for diagnostic angiography in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study. CAD was assessed as angiographic presence/absence of disease (≥50% stenosis in any epicardial coronary artery). Hostility/anger, angina, symptoms, and functional status were assessed by the Cook- Medley Hostility Inventory, Spielberger Anger Expression Scale, cardiovascular symptom history, and the Duke Activity Status Index. Results: Logistic regression revealed that anger-out (i.e., aggressive behavior in response to angry feelings) was independently associated with the presence/absence of angiographic CAD (OR = 1.09, CI 1.01-1.17). Anger and hostility were higher among women reporting increased cardiovascular symptoms. In women without angiographic CAD, those with nonanginal cardiac symptoms had the highest anger-out, anger expression, hostile affect, and aggressive responding scores, and those with typical angina reported the lowest functional status. Among women with CAD, functional status was lowest in women with atypical angina. Conclusions: Among women with suspected CAD, anger-out scores were associated with the presence of angiographic CAD. Anger/hostility traits were associated with increased symptoms, particularly with nonanginal chest pain in women without angiographic CAD. Relationships among psychosocial factors, cardiac symptoms, and angiographic CAD are potentially important in the management of women with suspected CAD.