Toxicological Profiling and Long-Term Environmental Impact Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials in Aquatic Ecosystems

Abstract

The increasing use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in various industries has led to their inadvertent release into aquatic environments, raising concerns about their toxicological effects and long-term ecological impacts. This paper explores the latest research on the toxicity mechanisms, bioaccumulation potential, and ecological risks associated with ENMs in freshwater and marine ecosystems. The study synthesizes recent findings from 2023, focusing on the physicochemical properties influencing ENM toxicity, their interactions with aquatic biota, and potential mitigation strategies. Data visualizations illustrate ENM accumulation trends, toxicity levels, and environmental persistence. The paper also presents an impact assessment framework to guide regulatory policies and sustainable nanotechnology development.