THE IMPACT OF ONLINE DOCTOR CONSULTATIONS ON HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND UTILIZATION AMONG RURAL AND UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY IN INDIA

Abstract

Rural and underserved communities in India have historically faced significant challenges in accessing quality healthcare due to various barriers, including shortages of healthcare professionals, inadequate infrastructure, and geographic isolation. These challenges are exacerbated by limited transportation options, inadequate healthcare facilities, and a lack of specialised care in remote areas. Telemedicine, specifically online doctor consultations, has emerged as a promising strategy to address these disparities and provide much-needed healthcare access to these populations. This observational study assesses the impact of telemedicine on healthcare access and utilisation in rural India, drawing on data collected from 2019–2024, including records from national telehealth programs and published research. The findings highlight a significant increase in healthcare access among rural populations, particularly through services like eSanjeevani, a government-led telemedicine initiative. Key outcomes include a rise in consultation volumes, greater involvement of women and elderly patients, and improvements in the continuity of care. However, the study also identifies several challenges, including technological limitations, low digital literacy, and difficulties integrating telemedicine into the existing healthcare system. Recommendations are provided to enhance infrastructure, training, system integration, and policy support, all of which are essential for maximising the potential of telemedicine to improve healthcare delivery in rural India.