doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.084

Paper Title

Insights From the NHLBI-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) Study: Part II: Gender Differences in Presentation, Diagnosis, and Outcome With Regard to Gender-Based Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis and Macrovascular and Microvascular Coronary Disease

Authors

Steven E. Reis

Vera Bittner

Sheryl F Kelsey

Carl J. Pepine

Gerald M. Pohost

Amir Lerman

Arshed Quyyumi

Article Type

Research Article

Journal

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Research Impact Tools

DOI

10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.084

Issue

Volume : 47 | Issue : 3_Supplement | Page No : S21–S29

Published On

February, 2006

Downloads

FULL PDF

CITATION

COPY LINK

Abstract

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the U.S., but recent advances have not led to declines in case fatality rates for women. The current review highlights gender-specific issues in ischemic heart disease (IHD) presentation, evaluation, and outcomes with a special focus on the results derived from the National Institutes of Health-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. In the second part of this review, we will assess new evidence on gender-based differences in vascular wall or metabolic alterations, atherosclerotic plaque deposition, and functional expression on worsening outcomes of women. Additionally, innovative cardiovascular imaging techniques will be discussed. Finally, we identify critical areas of further inquiry needed to advance this new gender-specific IHD understanding into improved outcomes for women.