Advances in Tomato Disease Detection: A Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Leaves and Fruits

Abstract

Tomatoes contributed about 232 billion Indian rupees to the Indian economy in the financial year 2020; it is next to potatoes in vegetable production in South Asian countries. Tomatoes are the most familiar vegetable crop, extensively cultivated on cultivated land in India. The tropical weather of India is relevant for development, but specific weather conditions and several other features affect the standard progress of tomato plants. Besides these weather conditions and natural disasters, plant disease is a big crisis in crop production and plays a vital role in financial loss. The typical disease detection approaches for tomato crops cannot produce a predictable solution, and the recognition period for diseases is slower. A primary recognition of disease provides optimum solutions compared to the existing detection methods. Recently, distinct technologies such as AI, IoT, pattern recognition, computer vision (CV), and image processing have quickly developed and been executed for agriculture, specifically in the automation of disease and pest detection procedures. CV-based technology deep learning (DL) approaches have been performed for previous disease detection. This study proposes a wide-ranging investigation of the disease detection and classification approaches inferred for Tomato Leaf Detection. This work also reviews the advantages and disadvantages of the methods presented. Additionally, the advancements, challenges, and opportunities are discussed in this field, providing insights into the recent methods. This survey is an appreciated resource for practitioners, researchers, and stakeholders involved in tomato cultivation and agricultural technology.