UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITIES OF SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS OF ESL CHALLENGES IN SRI LANKAN SECONDARY EDUCATION

Abstract

This review paper explores the complex challenges involved in second language acquisition within Sri Lanka’s secondary ESL education system. It offers an in-depth analysis of linguistic, psychological, social, cultural, and pedagogical barriers that hinder effective language learning. Drawing on interdisciplinary perspectives from linguistics, psychology, education, and applied linguistics, the study situates these challenges within the broader educational and sociocultural context of Sri Lanka. The findings reveal a critical need for learner-centered instructional strategies, enhanced teacher training, and targeted reforms in curriculum design. This paper highlights the importance of responsive educational policies and practical classroom interventions aimed at improving ESL outcomes for secondary learners across the country.