PATENT EVERGREENING IN PHARMACEUTICALS: IMPACT AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Abstract
Patent evergreening, the practice of extending patent protection on existing drugs through minor modifications, is a growing concern in the pharmaceutical industry. This strategy prolongs the exclusivity of brand-name drugs, impedes the market entry of generics, and raises the cost of medicines worldwide. This paper investigates the practice of patent evergreening through contemporary case studies, real-time data, and its impact on drug affordability, accessibility, and innovation. Focusing on notable examples, such as Glivec, Humira, and Revlimid, this journal critiques the ethical and economic consequences and suggests regulatory changes to address the growing challenge of patent manipulation in global healthcare systems.