Abstract
Kidney disease is the 9TH leading cause of death in the United States. An estimated \textbf{31 million people} in the United States (10\% of the adult population) have chronic kidney disease (CKD). \textbf{9 out of 10} people who have stage 3 CKD (moderately decreased kidney function) do not know it. CKD is more common among women, but \textbf{men with CKD are 50\% more likely} than women to have their CKD turn into kidney failure (also called end-stage renal disease or ESRD). Some \textbf{racial and ethnic groups are at greater risk} for kidney failure. Compared to whites, the risk for African Americans is almost 4 times higher, \textbf{Native Americans} is 1.5 times higher, \textbf{Asians} is 1.4 times higher. Compared to non-Hispanics, \textbf{Hispanics} are almost 1.5 times as likely to be diagnosed with kidney failure. \textbf{Diabetes is 1 the leading cause of kidney failure.} \textbf{Diabetes causes 44\%} of all new cases of kidney failure. In 2012 it was the primary cause for \textbf{239,837} kidney failure patients. An estimated \textbf{29.1 million} people have diabetes; \textbf{8.1 million} of them don’t know they have it. About \textbf{40\%} of people with diabetes will get CKD. African Americans with diabetes are \textbf{3.5 times more likely} than whites to get kidney disease. Most people (69\%) participating in a 2011 nationwide survey by the American Kidney Fund could not name diabetes as a leading cause of kidney disease, despite the fact that over half (55\%) had a loved one with diabetes. \textbf{High Blood Pressure is 2 the 2ND leading cause of kidney failure.} High blood pressure (HBP) causes 28.4\% of all new cases of kidney failure. In 2012 it was the primary cause for 159,049 kidney failure patients. An estimated \textbf{70 million (29\%)} people have HBP — that is every 1 in 3 American Adults. Most people (\textbf{85\%}) participating in a 2011 nationwide survey by the American Kidney Fund could not name high blood pressure as a leading cause of kidney disease, yet most of them (\textbf{75\%}) had a loved one with high blood pressure. This talk concerns about the application of operations research and data science in kidney disease modeling.
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