INTEGRATING MULTIPLE LEVELS OF SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AND THE CONFLUENCE MODEL OF SEXUAL COERCERS
Abstract
By transcending traditional disciplinary boundaries and integrating "embedded" levels of scientific analysis, researchers can enhance the value of knowledge derived from each level. We emphasize herein the need to integrate knowledge from evolutionary, genetic, cultural, and developmental levels. Examining how factors emanating from each level interact, and how such interaction shapes individual personality and other characteristics, results in a deeper understanding of the interplay between these critical variables. Such an integrative framework in turn enhances understanding of the more proximate "person by situation" interactional levels that social psychologists often use to analyze behaviors. Unfortunately, there are common misconceptions relating to the use of multi-level approaches, and we address some of them here. Finally, the utility of such integrative approaches is illustrated by a well-supported model of the characteristics of sexually aggressive men. This model incorporates factors traditionally thought to be in opposition and demonstrates that, rather than conflict, they can clarify and amplify each other.