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Abstract
Air-conditioning and refrigeration (AC&R) systems play a critical role in modern life, impacting residential, commercial, and industrial applications. However, the rising global energy demand and environmental concerns have led to a significant focus on energy efficiency, advanced cooling technologies, and sustainable thermal management solutions. Recent innovations in high-efficiency compressors, phase change materials (PCMs), smart HVAC control systems, and alternative refrigerants have contributed to improved performance and environmental sustainability. This paper explores the latest advancements in AC&R technology, comparing traditional methods with emerging smart and eco-friendly solutions. A case study on optimized refrigeration systems using AI-driven energy management is presented to highlight real-world applications.
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