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Abstract
Software Defined Networking (SDN) has transformed modern networking by decoupling the control plane from the data plane, enabling centralized management and dynamic configuration. However, the correctness and reliability of SDN controllers are critical, as faults or misconfigurations can compromise entire networks. Formal verification particularly using temporal logic and model checking offers a rigorous framework to ensure SDN controller reliability. This paper presents a structured overview of formal methods applied to SDN controllers, focusing on the role of temporal logics (LTL and CTL) and verification tools such as NuSMV, SPIN, and UPPAAL. We analyze their applicability, limitations, and performance through literature review and a case study. Comparative metrics, illustrative diagrams, and validation results reinforce the effectiveness of formal verification in this domain
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