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Abstract
The study of fluid flow through pipelines is fundamental in engineering applications ranging from water supply systems to industrial process layouts. This research investigates the major and minor losses encountered in pipe systems due to factors such as friction, sudden expansions or contractions, bends, valves, and fittings. Using both theoretical analysis and simulation via ANSYS Fluent, the paper quantifies pressure drops under various flow conditions in pipes with different bend angles, notably 90-degree elbows. Emphasis is placed on the Darcy-Weisbach equation for major losses and empirical correlations for minor losses, allowing for precise determination of the head loss and flow efficiency. The study also explores the influence of Reynolds number, pipe roughness, and flow regime on loss coefficients. The results highlight the critical role of optimized pipe geometry and fittings placement in minimizing energy losses in fluid transport systems. This investigation not only deepens the understanding of internal pipe flow dynamics but also provides design insights for more efficient and cost-effective piping networks.
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