Exploring The Phytochemical Diversity And Therapeutic Properties Of Rare Traditional Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The health advantages and environmental issues related to four traditional medicinal plants—Ashtavarga, Sarpgandha, Kali Haldi, and Shyonaki—are examined in this study. In Ayurvedic medicine, ashtavarga—which includes species like Kshirkakoli and Kakoli—is essential, but it is threatened because of habitat loss and increasing demand, which results in adulteration and decreased efficacy. To protect these species, conservation efforts including planting campaigns and agricultural projects are required. Since 1000 BC, sarpgandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) has been used to cure hypertension; nevertheless, overharvesting and habitat fragmentation pose a hazard. Its formulation, Sarpgandha Ghanvati, emphasises the necessity for habitat protection while treating anxiety and sleeplessness. With its analgesic and anti-inflammatory qualities, Kali Haldi (Curcuma caesia) has long been used to treat a variety of illnesses. However, overuse and particular growing circumstances are threatening this plant, thus urgent conservation measures such in vitro propagation are required. Although shyonaki (Oroxylum indicum) is prized for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant qualities, deforestation and unsustainable harvesting pose risks to the plant. In order to preserve these priceless plants' availability and the biodiversity that is essential for traditional medicine, this review highlights the necessity of sustainable practices. The study promotes more awareness and action towards the protection of these uncommon medicinal plants by analysing their phytochemical characteristics and therapeutic potentials.