DESIGNING SCALABLE INTEGRATED BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS FOR LARGE-SCALE VENUES: A SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The evolution of large-scale venues—airports, stadiums, commercial complexes, and industrial campuses—has created a need for advanced, scalable, and integrable Building Management Systems (BMS). Legacy systems, often siloed and proprietary, struggle to meet modern demands for real-time operations, data-driven control, and cross-domain interoperability. This paper proposes a scalable Integrated Building Management System (IBMS) architecture based on a modular, service-oriented framework. It uses layered abstraction—field, control, supervisory, and enterprise layers—and incorporates edge computing, microservices, and cloud-native orchestration. A middleware bus ensures protocol interoperability (BACnet/IP, Modbus TCP, KNX, MQTT). The architecture includes sensors, PLCs, SCADA, IoT gateways, and AI analytics. A case study at a Tier-1 airport showcases dynamic load balancing, fault tolerance, and predictive maintenance. KPIs like latency, throughput, energy usage, and MTBF are analyzed under varied conditions. Further, the paper explores cybersecurity, data governance, and digital twins, aligning with ISO 16484 and IEC 62443. Future directions include federated learning, self-healing networks, and semantic ontologies. The proposed architecture offers a blueprint for resilient, future-ready IBMS in complex smart infrastructure environments.