DESIGNING INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENTS FOR STROKE SURVIVORS: A MIXED-METHODS STUDY ON THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL BARRIERS IN REINTEGRATION AND QUALITY OF LIFE

Abstract

The physical and social barriers stroke survivors experience have a significant negative effect on their quality of life (QoL) by limiting their community participation. The study investigated the inaccessibility of public spaces and the stigma as the key impediments. The study combined surveys of 1,200 facilities and transport systems with an analysis of themes from 420 narratives by survivors to establish this fact. The study showed that only 38% of the buildings were accessible and compliant with the set standards and that 62% of the ramps were not standard. Only 28 percent of public buses had wheelchair lifts. In terms of quality, those who went through this experience mentioned feeling stigmatized (67%) structurally excluded and suffering lasting psychological trauma—with 81% indicating that physical and social barriers were intertwined. The inaccessibility and lack of participation were strongly correlated (r = 0.69). The study emphasizes the need to implement independent mobility and accessibility-targeted policies. For example, design cities with adequate ramps and public transport systems and initiate programs to fight stigma and discrimination, such as training in workplaces. The research emphasizes the need to consider all aspects of rehabilitation and reintegration into society for stroke survivors.