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Paper Title

Challenges and opportunities in bioremediation of micro-nano plastics: A review

Keywords

  • Micro-Nano Plastics
  • MNPs
  • Environmental Contamination
  • Agro-Ecosystem
  • Trophic Transfer
  • Ingestion
  • Inhalation
  • Health Impacts
  • Blood Vessel Impediment
  • Infertility
  • Abnormal Behaviors
  • Plastic Remediation
  • Microbial Degradation
  • Green Technology
  • Biotic Factors
  • Abiotic Factors
  • Enzymatic Mechanisms
  • Plastic Biodegradation
  • Wastewater Treatment
  • Municipal Sludge
  • Municipal Solid Waste
  • Composting
  • Biological Impact
  • Toxicological Impact
  • Bioremediation
  • Enzymatic Technology
  • Advanced Molecular Technology
  • Bio-Membrane Technology
  • Sustainable Waste Management
  • Future Research Prospects

Article Type

Research Article

Research Impact Tools

Issue

Volume : 802 | Page No : 149823

Published On

January, 2022

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Abstract

Rising level of micro-nano plastics (MNPs) in the natural ecosystem adversely impact the health of the environment and living organisms globally. MNPs enter in to the agro-ecosystem, flora and fauna, and human body via trophic transfer, ingestion and inhalation, resulting impediment in blood vessel, infertility, and abnormal behaviors. Therefore, it becomes indispensable to apply a novel approach to remediate MNPs from natural environment. Amongst the several prevailing technologies of MNPs remediation, microbial remediation is considered as greener technology. Microbial degradation of plastics is typically influenced by several biotic as well as abiotic factors, such as enzymatic mechanisms, substrates and co-substrates concentration, temperature, pH, oxidative stress, etc. Therefore, it is pivotal to recognize the key pathways adopted by microbes to utilize plastic fragments as a sole carbon source for the growth and development. In this context, this review critically discussed the role of various microbes and their enzymatic mechanisms involved in biodegradation of MNPs in wastewater (WW) stream, municipal sludge, municipal solid waste (MSW), and composting starting with biological and toxicological impacts of MNPs. Moreover, this review comprehensively discussed the deployment of various MNPs remediation technologies, such as enzymatic, advanced molecular, and bio-membrane technologies in fostering the bioremediation of MNPs from various environmental compartments along with their pros and cons and prospects for future research.

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