Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are cyanotoxins produced mainly by the Microcystis species and are reported to be hepatotoxic. The toxicity on exposure to MCs was reported worldwide in fish, animals and in humans for over a century. The findings of investigation revealed that about 100 known variants of MCs till date and of them the most toxic and widely distributed MC is Microcystin-LR (MC-LR). Epidemiological studies is linked the exposure to MCs (MC-LR) with high incidence of liver cancer (hepatotoxic) and a potent tumour promoter. The microcystins biomarker for microcystins toxicity prediction in human domestic and wild animal has been reported to detect MCs toxicity. The biomarkers for biochemical alterations in the human and animal cells also suggests tools to be develop, validate existing methods to detect MCs and its biomarkers in body fluids of living beings. The microcystin toxin, biotransformation and
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