A Comparative Quantitative Analysis of Registered Atrocities Against Scheduled Castes in India: The UPA (2004-2014) and NDA (2014-2022) Eras

Abstract

This paper conducts a comparative quantitative analysis of atrocities against Scheduled Castes (SCs) in India during the tenures of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA: 2004-2014) and the National Democratic Alliance (NDA: 2014-2023). Utilizing annual crime data from the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), we examine the incidence, trends, and categories of crimes under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. The analysis reveals a statistically significant increase in the absolute number of registered atrocities during the NDA period. However, a more nuanced picture emerges when factoring in population growth and reporting efficiency. Key categories of atrocities—particularly violent crimes like rape, murder, and grievous hurt—show alarming persistence and, in some cases, growth. This study moves beyond simplistic governmental attribution, arguing that the data reflects a complex interplay of socio-political empowerment, improved reporting mechanisms, and the persistent challenge of deeply entrenched caste-based violence. The findings underscore that atrocities against SCs remain a critical and worsening human rights issue in India, demanding policy interventions that transcend political cycles.