International Journal of Energy Research is dedicated to providing a multidisciplinary, unique platform for researchers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, planners, and policy makers to present research results and findings in a compelling manner on novel energy systems and applications. International Journal of Energy Research (IJER) is dedicated to providing a multidisciplinary, unique platform for researchers, scientists, engineers, technology developers, planners, and policy makers to present their research results and findings in a compelling manner on novel energy systems and applications. IJER covers the entire spectrum of energy from production to conversion, conservation, management, systems, technologies, etc. We encourage paper submissions aiming at better efficiency, cost improvements, more effective resource use, improved design and analysis, and reduced environmental impact.