The scope of the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems includes the fields of systems engineering. It includes issue formulation, analysis and modeling, decision making, and issue interpretation for any of the systems engineering lifecycle phases associated with the definition, development, and deployment of large systems. In addition, it includes systems management, systems engineering processes, and a variety of systems engineering methods such as optimization, modeling and simulation. The articles in this journal are peer reviewed in accordance with the requirements set forth in the IEEE PSPB Operations Manual (sections 8.2.1.C & 8.2.2.A). Each published article was reviewed by a minimum of two independent reviewers using a single-anonymous peer review process, where the identities of the reviewers are not known to the authors, but the reviewers know the identities of the authors. Articles will be screened for plagiarism before acceptance.